Fig. 2

PFD reduced the expression of COL1A1 and IL-6 at both mRNA and protein levels, while PFD did not affect the expression of ACTA-2, TIMP-1, or TNF-α. Ctrl: 0 mg/ml PFD + 0 ng/ml TGF-β1; T: 0 mg/ml PFD + 2.5 ng/ml TGF-β1; 0.5 T: 0.5 mg/ml PFD + 2.5 ng/ml TGF-β1; 1.0 T: 1.0 mg/ml PFD + 2.5 ng/ml TGF-β1; 1.5 T: 1.5 mg/ml PFD + 2.5 ng/ml TGF-β1; 2.0 T: 2.0 mg/ml PFD + 2.5 ng/ml TGF-β1. Data represent means ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (unpaired t-test)