Table 1 Patient clinical characteristics

Eye # (%)

457

44(9.6)

112(24.5)

122(26.7)

104(22.8)

45(9.8)

30(6.6)

/

278

179

/

Age in yrs

67.9 ± 6.3

64.6 ± 5.7

67.6 ± 5.2

67.4 ± 6.1

69.1 ± 7

69 ± 6.3

70.5 ± 7.6

< 0.001

67 ± 5.7

69.3 ± 6.9

 < 0.001

Men (%)

191(41.8)

27(61.4)

47(42.0)

54(44.3)

42(40.4)

13(28.9)

8(26.7)

0.021

128(46.0)

63(35.2)

0.025

SER, D

− 9.34 ± 5.65

− 6.17 ± 3.09

− 8.27 ± 4.85

− 8.9 ± 4.82

− 11.83 ± 6.34

− 9.88 ± 6.7

− 10.28 ± 6.8

< 0.001

− 8.21 ± 4.68

− 11.08 ± 6.53

< 0.001

AL, mm

28.53 ± 1.85

26.71 ± 0.53

27.62 ± 1.37

28.18 ± 1.65

29.62 ± 1.68

30.26 ± 1.4

29.63 ± 1.74

< 0.001

27.72 ± 1.49

29.79 ± 1.64

< 0.001

BCVA (logMAR)

0.46 ± 0.37

0.16 ± 0.14

0.35 ± 0.29

0.42 ± 0.34

0.6 ± 0.38

0.59 ± 0.41

0.95 ± 0.35

< 0.001

0.35 ± 0.31

0.64 ± 0.4

< 0.001

Tilt ratio

0.70 ± 0.13

0.78 ± 0.1

0.7 ± 0.14

0.72 ± 0.12

0.65 ± 0.13

0.63 ± 0.13

0.66 ± 0.11

< 0.001

0.72 ± 0.13

0.65 ± 0.13

< 0.001

Torsion⁰

− 2.89 ± 33.72

6.52 ± 46.43

− 5.43 ± 34.44

− 1.43 ± 41.04

− 5.35 ± 23.94

− 0.16 ± 20.67

− 8.76 ± 14.06

0.303

− 1.78 ± 39.52

− 4.62 ± 21.85

0.326

PPA area (mm²)

2.27 ± 2.18

0.52 ± 0.34

1.45 ± 1.16

1.53 ± 1.14

3.52 ± 2.59

4.15 ± 2.86

3.77 ± 2.12

< 0.001

1.34 ± 1.12

3.72 ± 2.59

< 0.001