Fig. 6

Faecal transplantation from cisplatin-treated mice augmented cisplatin hepatotoxicity. a FMT experimental design. b Plasma ALT and AST levels after antibiotics treatment. c Representative liver morphology. d H&E staining and histological score of liver tissue after 24 h cisplatin treatment. e–l mRNA levels of key cytokines and chemokines in the liver. m Western blotting and quantification of TNF-α level of liver of recipient mice. n Hepatic TUNEL staining and quantification of recipient mice. The results are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 5–8 per group. *P < 0.05. o Working model: Gut microbiota accelerates cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity through enhancing inflammation and oxidative stress pathways, which can be alleviated by antibiotics treatment. FMT faecal microbiota transplantation, TUNEL terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling