Table 4 Associations of predialysis plasma concentrations of arginine, guanidinoacetate, creatine and creatinine with characteristics of the protein energy wasting phenotype
From: Creatine homeostasis and protein energy wasting in hemodialysis patients
| Â | Sex-adjusted analyses | Multivariable analyses | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
Plasma arginine (per 1-SD decrease) | ||||
 Low muscle mass | 1.65 [0.84–3.89] | 0.2 | 1.60 [0.74–4.27] | 0.3 |
 Low protein intake | 1.94 [1.08–3.94] | 0.04 | 1.91 [1.01–4.16] | 0.07 |
 Hypoalbuminemia | 2.50 [1.35–5.33] | 0.007 | 2.87 [1.39–7.06] | 0.009 |
 Low BMI | 1.06 [0.59–1.86] | 0.8 | 0.91 [0.32–2.89] | 0.9 |
 Severe fatigue | 1.14 [0.63–2.08] | 0.7 | 1.04 [0.50–2.15] | 0.9 |
Plasma guanidinoacetate (per 1-SD decrease) | ||||
 Low muscle mass | 1.08 [0.59–2.19] | 0.8 | 0.94 [0.48–2.08] | 0.9 |
 Low protein intake | 1.55 [0.89–2.94] | 0.2 | 1.11 [0.60–2.24] | 0.7 |
 Hypoalbuminemia | 1.45 [0.82–2.65] | 0.2 | 1.35 [0.71–2.67] | 0.3 |
 Low BMI | 1.17 [0.66–2.08] | 0.6 | 1.61 [0.70–3.77] | 0.2 |
 Severe fatigue | 1.20 [0.69–2.15] | 0.5 | 0.96 [0.49–1.84] | 0.9 |
Plasma creatine (per halving) | ||||
 Low muscle mass | 2.00 [1.05–4.14] | 0.04 | 2.32 [1.10–5.69] | 0.04 |
 Low protein intake | 2.13 [1.17–4.27] | 0.02 | 2.37 [1.20–5.41] | 0.02 |
 Hypoalbuminemia | 3.13 [1.46–8.02] | 0.008 | 6.20 [2.16–24.8] | 0.003 |
 Low BMI | 0.74 [0.40–1.35] | 0.3 | 0.51 [0.18–1.28] | 0.2 |
 Severe fatigue | 3.20 [1.52–8.05] | 0.006 | 3.74 [1.55–11.8] | 0.009 |
Plasma creatinine (per 1-SD decrease) | ||||
 Low muscle mass | 6.66 [2.14–28.6] | 0.003 | 5.67 [1.59–37.3] | 0.03 |
 Low protein intake | 1.35 [0.80–2.43] | 0.3 | 3.15 [0.82–3.29] | 0.2 |
 Hypoalbuminemia | 2.51 [1.35–5.41] | 0.006 | 2.50 [1.25–5.72] | 0.02 |
 Low BMI | 1.80 [1.02–3.45] | 0.05 | 2.58 [0.94–9.66] | 0.10 |
 Severe fatigue | 1.09 [0.62–1.90] | 0.76 | 1.65 [0.80–3.51] | 0.18 |