| Training cohort (N = 198) | Validation cohort (N = 459) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Severe (N = 63) | Non-severe (N = 135) | P value | Severe (N = 105) | Non-severe (N = 354) | P value | |
Demographics | ||||||
 Age (years) | ||||||
  Median (IQR) | 65.0 (53.5, 79.5) | 54.0 (36.0, 71.5) |  < 0.002a | 69.0 (61.0, 79.0) | 62.0 (46.0, 75.0) |  < 0.002a |
 Sex | ||||||
  Female, n (%) | 11 (17.46%) | 69 (51.11%) |  < 0.002b | 33 (31.43%) | 150 (42.49%) | 0.055b |
 Hospitalization | ||||||
  Inpatients, n (%) | 61 (96.83%) | 84 (62.22%) |  < 0.002b | 102 (97.14%) | 216 (61.19%) |  < 0.002b |
 Deaths | ||||||
  Deceased, n (%) | 25 (39.68%) | 0 (0.00%) |  < 0.002b | 33 (31.43%) | 0 (0.00%) |  < 0.002b |
 Weight (kg) | ||||||
  Median (IQR) | 83.00 (70.40, 97.00) | 75.65 (62.00, 87.00) | 0.241a | 80.60 (70.00, 90.15) | 77.20 (65.70, 87.00) | 0.989a |
 Height (cm) | ||||||
  Median (IQR) | 172.00 (165.00, 178.25) | 170.00 (163.00, 177.00) | 0.012a | 170.00 (165.00, 176.00) | 170.00 (164.00, 176.00) | 0.037a |
 Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m2) | ||||||
  Median (IQR) | 27.62 (24.80, 31.57) | 25.82 (22.52, 28.95) | 0.018a | 28.10 (24.95, 32.62) | 26.23 (23.62, 29.59) |  < 0.002a |
Laboratory parameters | ||||||
 Maximal CRP levels | ||||||
  Median (IQR) | 176.00 (92.75, 279.75) | 22.00 (6.00, 67.00) |  < 0.002a | 146.00 (72.75, 228.25) | 35.00 (8.00, 89.00) |  < 0.002a |
 Maximal sodium levels | ||||||
  Median (IQR) | 142.00 (139.50, 146.00) | 139.00 (136.00, 141.00) |  < 0.002a | 142.00 (139.00, 145.00) | 139.00 (137.00, 141.00) |  < 0.002a |
 Minimal hemoglobin levels | ||||||
  Median (IQR) | 96.00 (78.25, 115.00) | 132.00 (119.00, 141.00) |  < 0.002a | 110.00 (86.00, 122.00) | 128.00 (116.00, 141.00) |  < 0.002a |
 Minimal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values | ||||||
  Median (IQR) | 53.00 (25.00, 85.50) | 87.00 (72.00, 104.00) |  < 0.002a | 62.50 (32.50, 81.00) | 82.00 (59.00, 98.00) |  < 0.002a |
 Maximal glucose values | ||||||
  Median (IQR) | 10.10 (8.00, 12.75) | 6.10 (5.48, 7.62) |  < 0.002a | 10.70 (8.30, 13.50) | 6.42 (5.60, 8.20) |  < 0.002a |
 Maximal leukocytes values | ||||||
  Median (IQR) | 10.60 (7.83, 17.55) | 5.92 (4.70, 7.77) |  < 0.002a | 12.30 (8.95, 16.00) | 6.73 (4.97, 8.78) |  < 0.002a |
Comorbidities | ||||||
 Substance use | ||||||
  Smoker, n (%) | 11 (17.46%) | 16 (11.85%) | 0.400b | – | – | – |
  Alcohol, n (%) | 5 (7.94%) | 11 (8.15%) | 1b | – | – | – |
 Cardiovascular disorders | ||||||
  Cardiovascular disorders, overall, n (%) | 47 (74.60%) | 56 (41.48%) |  < 0.002b | – | – | – |
  Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 35 (55.56%) | 43 (31.85%) | 0.003b | – | – | – |
  Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 13 (20.63%) | 6 (4.44%) |  < 0.002b | – | – | – |
  Congestive heart failure and cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 16 (25.40%) | 14 (10.37%) | 0.011b | – | – | – |
  Stroke, n (%) | 8 (12.70%) | 11 (8.15%) | 0.451b | – | – | – |
  Other, n (%) | 16 (25.40%) | 24 (17.78%) | 0.292b | – | – | – |
 Pulmonary disorders | ||||||
  Pulmonary disorders, overall, n (%) | 18 (28.57%) | 35 (25.93%) | 0.826b | – | – | – |
  Asthma, n (%) | 4 (6.35%) | 15 (11.11%) | 0.423b | – | – | – |
  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), n (%) | 6 (9.52%) | 5 (3.70%) | 0.183b | – | – | – |
 Other, n (%) | 10 (15.87%) | 19 (14.07%) | 0.906b | – | – | – |
 Other disorders | ||||||
  Type II diabetes (incl. prediabetes), n (%) | 22 (34.92%) | 20 (14.81%) | 0.002b | – | – | – |
  Cancer, n (%) | 6 (9.52%) | 16 (11.85%) | 0.808b | – | – | – |