Table 2 Radiological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonia in the training, validation, and testing cohorts
From: CT radiomics facilitates more accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia: compared with CO-RADS
Characteristics | Training cohort (n = 379) | P value | Validation cohort (n = 131) | P value | Testing cohort (n = 40) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-COVID-19 group (n = 313) | COVID-19 group (n = 66) | Non-COVID-19 group (n = 102) | COVID-19 group (n = 29) | Non-COVID-19 group (n = 20) | COVID-19 group (n = 20) | ||||
Number (%) | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.025 | ||||||
Single | 179 (57.2) | 5 (7.6) | 64 (62.7) | 8 (27.6) | 12 (60.0) | 5 (25.0) | |||
Multiple | 134 (42.8) | 61 (92.4) | 38 (37.3) | 21 (72.4) | 8 (40.0) | 15 (75.0) | |||
Location (%) | 0.131 | > 0.999 | 0.339 | ||||||
Unilateral lung | 33 (10.5) | 3 (4.5) | 6 (5.9) | 2 (6.9) | 4 (20.0) | 1 (5.0) | |||
Bilateral lungs | 280 (89.5) | 63 (95.5) | 96 (94.1) | 27 (93.1) | 16 (80.0) | 19 (95.0) | |||
Distribution (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.006 | ||||||
Peripheral | 48 (15.3) | 46 (69.7) | 19 (18.6) | 15 (51.7) | 6 (30.0) | 16 (80.0) | |||
Central | 24 (7.7) | 1 (1.5) | 3 (2.9) | 1 (3.4) | 1 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Peripheral and Central | 241 (77.0) | 19 (28.8) | 80 (78.4) | 13 (44.8) | 13 (65.0) | 4 (20.0) | |||
Density (%) | 0.544 | 0.469 | 0.067 | ||||||
Pure GGO | 76 (24.3) | 13 (19.7) | 20 (19.6) | 8 (27.6) | 11 (55.0) | 4 (20.0) | |||
Pure consolidation | 75 (24.0) | 14 (21.2) | 23 (22.5) | 4 (13.8) | 3 (15.0) | 4 (20.0) | |||
GGO with consolidation | 162 (51.8) | 39 (59.1) | 59 (57.8) | 17 (58.6) | 6 (30.0) | 12 (60.0) | |||
Accompanying features (%) | |||||||||
Reticulation | 22 (7.0) | 27 (40.9) | < 0.001 | 13 (12.7) | 8 (27.6) | 0.102 | 9 (45.0) | 7 (35.0) | 0.519 |
Air bronchogram | 168 (53.7) | 34 (51.5) | 0.749 | 52 (51.0) | 15 (51.7) | 0.944 | 6 (30.0) | 9 (45.0) | 0.327 |
Other findings (%) | |||||||||
Pleural effusion | 31 (9.9) | 10 (15.2) | 0.212 | 12 (11.8) | 2 (6.9) | 0.683 | 1 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | > 0.999 |
Lymphadenopathy | 46 (14.7) | 1 (1.5) | 0.003 | 11 (10.8) | 2 (6.9) | 0.790 | 2 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.468 |
CT score, median (IQR) | 4.0 (3.0) | 5.0 (3.0) | < 0.001 | 3.0 (3.0) | 5.0 (4.5) | 0.042 | 2.5 (3.5) | 4.5 (4.8) | 0.157 |