TRF group (n = 20) | Control group (n = 12) | ∆ P-value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | 3 months | Δ TRF t test | Baseline | 3 months | Δ Control t test | ∆ (TRF-control) | ||
Weight (kg) | 83.62 ± 3.95 | 80.24 ± 3.87 | < 0.001 | 87.14 ± 3.25 | 88.49 ± 3.04 | 0.007 | − 4.856 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 32.53 ± 1.13 | 31.19 ± 1.11 | < 0.001 | 34.55 ± 1.20 | 35.00 ± 1.10 | 0.078 | − 1.886 | < 0.001 |
Fat mass (kg) | 36.91 ± 2.30 | 34.74 ± 2.24 | < 0.001 | 39.74 ± 2.00 | 40.59 ± 1.95 | 0.050 | − 3.125 | < 0.001 |
WC (cm) | 101.13 ± 2.42 | 97.15 ± 2.21 | 0.001 | 105.68 ± 3.11 | 106.95 ± 2.81 | 0.412 | − 6.041 | < 0.001 |
%BF | 43.61 ± 0.69 | 42.71 ± 0.73 | < 0.001 | 45.38 ± 0.69 | 45.73 ± 0.67 | 0.079 | − 1.218 | < 0.001 |
FMI (kg/m2) | 14.33 ± 0.72 | 13.47 ± 0.71 | < 0.001 | 15.71 ± 0.76 | 16.10 ± 0.76 | 0.060 | − 1.301 | < 0.001 |
MM (kg) | 21.59 ± 0.93 | 20.91 ± 0.92 | < 0.001 | 21.59 ± 0.70 | 21.78 ± 0.68 | 0.121 | − 0.901 | < 0.001 |
%MM | 25.9 ± 1.1 | 26.2 ± 1.2 | 0.11 | 24.8 ± 1.3 | 24.7 ± 1.3 | 0.349 | 0.397 | 0.11 |
SMI (kg/m2) | 8.40 ± 0.25 | 8.13 ± 0.24 | < 0.001 | 8.51 ± 0.23 | 8.63 ± 0.23 | 0.128 | − 0.394 | < 0.001 |
MM/BMI (kg/kg/m2) | 0.66 ± 0.02 | 0.67 ± 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.63 ± 0.02 | 0.62 ± 0.02 | 0.220 | 0.011 | 0.05 |
Insulin (mU/L) | 9.2 ± 0.9 | 9.1 ± 1.0 | 0.86 | 10.3 ± 1.8 | 13.8 ± 3.2 | 0.133 | − 3.494 | 0.07 |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 86.2 ± 1.2 | 88.0 ± 1.4 | 0.25 | 91.6 ± 3.0 | 93.6 ± 4.5 | 0.458 | − 0.336 | 0.91 |
HOMA-IR | 1.88 ± 1.91 | 1.90 ± 0.22 | 0.88 | 2.35 ± 0.44 | 3.27 ± 0.86 | 0.117 | − 0.717 | 0.13 |
SBP (mmHg) | 126.7 ± 3.4 | 121.3 ± 3.1 | 0.03 | 134.5 ± 7.3 | 128.0 ± 4.0 | 0.227 | − 2.542 | 0.48 |
DBP (mmHg) | 86.9 ± 2.1 | 83.5 ± 2.1 | 0.06 | 91.3 ± 4.1 | 86.5 ± 4.1 | 0.167 | 0.111 | 0.97 |
Na+ (mEq/L) | 141.5 ± 0.7 | 144.0 ± 0.8 | 0.02 | 142.7 ± 0.6 | 140.5 ± 1.8 | 0.336 | 3.268 | 0.10 |
K+ (mEq/L) | 4.3 ± 0.08 | 4.3 ± 0.10 | 1.000 | 4.3 ± 0.07 | 4.3 ± 0.17 | 0.769 | 0.045 | 0.80 |
Frutosamine (µmol/L) | 240.1 ± 5.6 | 242.5 ± 3.4 | 0.52 | 236.5 ± 5.2 | 240.3 ± 6.2 | 0.260 | 0.128 | 0.10 |
TC (mg/dL) | 205.9 ± 8.3 | 214.7 ± 9.7 | 0.18 | 195.1 ± 11.3 | 188.5 ± 13.3 | 0.307 | 15.818 | 0.11 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 60.5 ± 2.1 | 61.1 ± 2.3 | 0.73 | 56.6 ± 5.1 | 53.7 ± 4.8 | 0.201 | 4.177 | 0.14 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 120.0 ± 6.5 | 127.4 ± 7.8 | 0.20 | 112.8 ± 7.3 | 111.1 ± 9.1 | 0.715 | 9.468 | 0.26 |
Cr (mg/dL) | 0.70 ± 0.03 | 0.69 ± 0.02 | 0.79 | 0.67 ± 0.18 | 0.69 ± 0.03 | 0.475 | − 0.007 | 0.82 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 144.0 ± 18.0 | 131.9 ± 17.6 | 0.18 | 148.1 ± 28.9 | 130.9 ± 24.8 | 0.228 | 4.307 | 0.77 |
CRP (mg/L) | 6.3 ± 1.5 | 6.6 ± 1.4 | 0.86 | 9.1 ± 2.8 | 9.4 ± 2.2 | 0.889 | − 1.599 | 0.47 |
Urea (mg/dL) | 27.8 ± 1.4 | 27.6 ± 2.1 | 0.90 | 32.8 ± 1.4 | 32.3 ± 2.4 | 0.801 | − 1.259 | 0.70 |
Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.46 ± 0.07 | 0.42 ± 0.06 | 0.35 | 0.35 ± 0.03 | 0.35 ± 0.02 | 0.902 | − 0.008 | 0.88 |
Indirect bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.37 ± 0.06 | 0.34 ± 0.05 | 0.38 | 0.28 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 0.922 | − 0.002 | 0.97 |
Direct bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.09 ± 0.01 | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.30 | 0.07 ± 0.007 | 0.07 ± 0.005 | 0.461 | − 0.005 | 0.65 |
ALP (U/L) | 69.8 ± 4.9 | 65.5 ± 3.9 | 0.26 | 81.6 ± 9.5 | 69.9 ± 8.1 | 0.340 | − 0.946 | 0.90 |
GOT (U/L) | 19.7 ± 1.1 | 17.7 ± 1.6 | 0.14 | 18.2 ± 1.5 | 18.0 ± 1.3 | 0.916 | − 1.307 | 0.53 |
ALT (U/L) | 18.6 ± 2.0 | 15.0 ± 1.9 | 0.002 | 16.8 ± 2.1 | 17.1 ± 1.7 | 0.919 | − 3.219 | 0.12 |
GGT (U/L) | 23.0 ± 2.9 | 19.4 ± 2.1 | 0.06 | 29.3 ± 8.7 | 27.8 ± 5.4 | 0.751 | − 4.818 | 0.05 |
Uric Acid (mg/dL) | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 0.93 | 5.0 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 0.358 | − 0.398 | 0.27 |
TSH (µUI/mL) | 3.06 ± 0.89 | 2.51 ± 0.39 | 0.09 | 2.65 ± 0.46 | 2.04 ± 0.21 | 0.130 | 0.126 | 0.71 |
T4 (ng/dL) | 0.82 ± 0.03 | 0.86 ± 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.81 ± 0.02 | 0.83 ± 0.04 | 0.426 | 0.027 | 0.41 |
Total Protein (g/dL) | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 0.84 | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 7.0 ± 0.2 | 0.251 | 0.335 | 0.12 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 4.3 ± 0.1 | 0.70 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 4.0 ± 0.2 | 0.195 | 0.307 | 0.18 |
Globulin (g/dL) | 3.1 ± 0.1 | 3.0 ± 0.1 | 0.77 | 3.1 ± 0.1 | 3.0 ± 0.1 | 0.336 | 0.045 | 0.79 |
Estradiol (pg/mL) | 128.2 ± 18.1 | 98.6 ± 15.7 | 0.17 | 67.9 ± 18.4 | 59.4 ± 10.6 | 0.565 | 24.190 | 0.31 |