Fig. 1
From: The dysregulated innate immune response in severe COVID-19 pneumonia that could drive poorer outcome
Box plot showing plasma concentrations of cytokines in non-COVID-19 and COVID-19 patients. Plasma concentration of cytokines was measured within 48 h of hospitalization in 36 non-COVID-19 and 27 COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia. For each cytokine, p-values from both Student t and Wilcoxon-Mann–Whitney U tests are indicated and the difference was considered significant if at least one was < 0.05. CCL C–C motif chemokine ligand, COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, IL interleukin, GM-CSF Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, TNF tumor necrosis factor, TGF transforming growth factor (LYMPHONIE study, 2018–2020)