Table 1 Baseline characteristics, vital signs, laboratory parameters and statistic results of mimic-III patients with sepsis

Number (sample size)

889

3670

Baseline variables and in-hospital factors

 Age (year, mean SD)

71.42 ± 15.93

63.61 ± 17.73

8.95E−36

Sex (%)

 Female

413

1609

 Male

476

2061

0.1706

Ethnicity (%)

 White

617 (69.4%)

2642 (72.1%)

 Black

66 (7.4%)

338 (9.2%)

 Yellow

34 (3.8%)

145 (4%)

 Others

172 (19.3%)

545 (14.9%)

0.005914

 Weight (kg), mean (SD)

76.91 ± 21.31

82.69 ± 28.61

 Height (cm), mean (SD)

168.27 ± 11.66

169.51 ± 10.73

 BMI (kg/m²), mean (SD)

27.82 ± 7.65

29.25 ± 8.91

 Length of stay in hospital, days, mean (SD)

7.04 ± 6.3

10.99 ± 10.4

 Length of stay in the ICU, days, mean (SD)

4.87 ± 4.99

4.66 ± 6.31

Admission type

 MED

580 (65.2%)

1912 (52.1%)

 CMED

86 (9.7%)

477 (13.0%)

 Others

223 (25.1%)

1282 (34.9%)

1.36E−11

Vital signs

 Heartrate_min (times/min), mean (SD)

72.92 ± 19.16

73.08 ± 15.72

0.826205355

 Heartrate_mean (times/min), mean (SD)

91.12 ± 18.27

87.81 ± 16.15

0.00000579

 Sysbp_min (mmhg), mean (SD)

80.46 ± 20.01

90.69 ± 16.18

6.49E−36

 Diasbp_mean (mmhg), mean (SD)

58.65 ± 10.42

61.7 ± 10.08

6.62E−13

 Meanbp_min (mmhg), mean (SD)

48.41 ± 15.65

56.24 ± 13.89

6.74E−34

 Resprate_mean (times/min),mean (SD)

21.73 ± 4.68

19.54 ± 4.06

3.66E−30

 Tempc_min (℃), mean (SD)

35.77 ± 1.17

36.15 ± 0.86

1.78E−16

 Tempc_max (℃), mean (SD)

37.34 ± 1.17

37.65 ± 0.85

3.37E−11

 Spo2_mean (%), mean (SD)

96.03 ± 4.02

97.1 ± 1.96

3.06E−12

Laboratory parameters

 Aniongap_max (mmhg), mean (SD)

19.12 ± 6.26

16.17 ± 4.65

1.45E−31

 Aniongap_min (mmhg), mean (SD)

14.58 ± 4.66

12.45 ± 3.08

1.48E−30

 Creatinine_min (ng/dL), mean (SD)

1.65 ± 1.23

1.35 ± 1.39

3.89E−09

 Chloride_min (mmol/L), mean (SD)

101.67 ± 7.65

101.93 ± 6.69

0.39868745

 Hemoglobin_min (g/dL), mean (SD)

9.84 ± 2.21

10.08 ± 2.08

0.009534544

 Hemoglobin_max, (g/dL), mean (SD)

11.77 ± 2.26

12 ± 2.09

0.012634047

 Lactate_min (mmol/L), mean (SD)

2.36 ± 2.07

1.55 ± 0.81

4.26E−24

 Platelet_min (10⁹/L), mean (SD)

189.73 ± 125.29

195.98 ± 108.29

0.207608419

 Potassium_min (mmol/L), mean (SD)

3.84 ± 0.7

3.71 ± 0.54

0.00000328

 Sodium_min (mmol/L), mean (SD)

136.27 ± 6.62

136.08 ± 5.35

0.454879474

 Sodium_max (mmol/L), mean (SD)

141.28 ± 6.8

140.51 ± 5.03

0.003570629

 Bun_min (mmol/L), mean (SD)

36.09 ± 25.43

24.22 ± 19.69

8.45E−31

 Bun_max (mmol/L), mean (SD)

42.88 ± 28.49

30.23 ± 24.39

1.12E−27

 Wbc_min (10⁹/L), mean (SD)

12.54 ± 12.22

10.41 ± 6.55

4.81E−06

 Wbc_max (10⁹/L), mean (SD)

17.54 ± 19.99

14.8 ± 9.87

0.000293182

 Inr_max, mean (SD)

2.12 ± 1.79

1.61 ± 1.34

2.89E−14

 Urine output

1225.29 ± 1307.53

1993.04 ± 1551.57

2.82E−48

Score system

 SOFA

8.02 ± 4.33

5.22 ± 2.85

2.74E−55

 qSOFA

2.15 ± 0.64

1.9 ± 0.69

4.60E−21

 SAPS II

54.67 ± 16.37

37.51 ± 13.22

2.2E−16

Advanced life support

 Mechanical ventilation

531 (59.69%)

1668 (45.55%)

 Renal replacement therapy

53 (5.95%)

135 (3.61%)

0.2503

Accompanied diseases (comorbidity)

 Diabetes

246 (27.64%)

2631 (71.70%)

 Malignant tumour

116 (13.05%)

160 (4.37%)

 Others

527 (59.31%)

879 (23.93%)

2.20E−16

Common sources of infection

 Blood culture

418 (47%)

1343 (36.6%)

 MRSA screen

267 (30%)

1384 (37.72%)

 Urine

151 (17%)

642 (17.5%)

 Swab

18 (2%)

70 (1.9%)

 Others

35 (4%)

231 (6.3%)

7.82E−08

Outcome

 Within 30-days mortality

19.50%

80.50%