Fig. 1

Treg percentage during ARDS in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), tracheal aspirate, and peripheral blood. Percentages of CD4⁺ cells that are FOXP3⁺ were quantified in cells obtained from BAL, tracheal aspirate, or peripheral blood. a The mean percentages of CD4⁺ cells that are FOXP3⁺ in two BALs performed during bronchoscopy at two time points (n = 13). Each participant is identified by a unique symbol. Each is categorized as a slow or fast resolver, based on the median number of days to extubation. Slow resolvers are open symbols with a dashed line connecting points, while fast resolvers are filled in solid black with a solid line connecting points. b The percentage of CD4⁺ cells that are FOXP3⁺ for each lavage (two for each participant) at Day 0. Participants are categorized as slow or fast resolvers. c The average percentage of FOXP3⁺ CD4⁺ cells of the two BALs during bronchoscopy performed on Day 0. Participants are categorized as slow or fast resolvers (SR, n = 5; FR, n = 8). d The highest percentage of FOXP3⁺ CD4⁺ cells obtained at either time point is shown for slow and fast resolvers (SR, n = 5; FR, n = 8). e The change in average percentages of FOXP3⁺ CD4⁺ cells between Day 0 and Day 3; participants are categorized as slow or fast resolvers (SR n = 5; FR n = 5). Of note, the lower FR number is because 3 FR were extubated before the second bronchoscopy time point. f The percentages of CD4⁺ cells that are FOXP3⁺ in tracheal aspirates obtained just prior to bronchoscopy at Day 0 and 3 (Day 0, n = 12; Day 3, n = 11). g The percentage of FOXP3⁺ CD4⁺ cells in tracheal aspirates at Day 0. Participants are categorized as slow or fast resolvers (SR, n = 5; FR, n = 7). h The highest percentage of FOXP3⁺ CD4⁺ cells in tracheal aspirates obtained at either Day 0 or Day 3; participants categorized as slow or fast resolvers (SR, n = 5; FR, n = 8). i The change in average percentages of FOXP3⁺ CD4⁺ cells in tracheal aspirates between Day 0 and Day 3; participants grouped as slow or fast resolvers (SR, n = 5; FR, n = 5). j The percentages of CD4⁺ cells that are FOXP3⁺ in peripheral blood obtained at the time of bronchoscopy at two time points (Day 0, n = 12; Day 3, n = 9). k The percentage of FOXP3⁺ CD4⁺ cells in peripheral blood at Day 0. Participants are categorized as slow or fast resolvers (SR, n = 5; FR, n = 7). l The highest percentage of FOXP3⁺ CD4⁺ cells in peripheral blood at either time point, participants categorized as slow or fast resolvers (SR, n = 5; FR, n = 8). m The change in average percentages of FOXP3⁺ CD4⁺ cells in peripheral blood between Day 0 to Day 3, participants categorized as slow or fast resolvers (SR, n = 4; FR, n = 4). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001