Fig. 11

OKN-007 increases apoptosis, better than LDN-193189, in a DIPG model. IHC analysis staining for cleaved caspase-3. a The ROI’s for data analysis using IHC were placed in the heavily stained regions of the pons as circled in red. b Cleaved caspase-3 is a marker of apoptosis and our results show that treatment with OKN-007 and LDN-193189 significantly increased cleaved caspase-3 expression compared to untreated mice. Mice treated with OKN-007 had the highest cleaved caspase-3 activity. Sample legend: Untreated (UT)—closed circles (n = 4); OKN-007 (OKN)—open squares (n = 4); and LDN-193189 (LDN)—closed triangles (n-5). An ANOVA (one-way ANOVA, multiple comparisons) statistical test was used. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001. c The 20× view of IHC slides visibly show the lowest cleaved caspase-3 expression in the untreated mice compared to the d OKN-007 treated and e LDN-193189 treated mice. The scale bar in each image frame is 100 µm