Table 1 Demographics of Study Cohort

Age, years

30.40 (9.508, 21–62)

30.30 (11.196, 21–60)

0.961^a

Mean (SD, range)

Gender (M%, F%)

92.7%, 7.3%

90.0%, 10.0%

0.618^b

Ethnicity (%)

 MENA

78.20%

76.00%

0.798^b

 Asians

20.00%

20.00%

 Africans

1.80%

4.00%

 BMI (Kg/m²)

 Mean, (IQR)

24.97, (21.22–28.91)

24.92, (21.99–27.52)

0.948^a

 Prescribed probiotics use (yes%)

0.00%

0.00%

–

 Exercise (yes%)

61.10%

72.00%

0.24^b

 Animal exposure (yes%)

14.50%

20.00%

0.459^b

 Antibiotics use (past 3 months) (yes%)

0%

0.00%

–

Family history

 Cancer

12.70%

6.00%

0.241^b

 HTN

41.80%

30.00%

0.208^b

 Diabetes

50.90%

30.00%

0.03^b

 Asthma

5.50%

2.00%

0.356^b

Household Smoker (yes%)

61.80%

30.00%

0.001^b

Family Smoker (yes%)

65.50%

36.00%

0.003^b

Smoking Duration

Mean (SD, range)

11.80 (8.065, 5–40)

FTND

4.82 (2.427, 1–10)

Mean (SD, range)

Low dependence

18.2%

Low to moderate dependence

32.7%

Moderate dependence

32.7%

High dependence

16.4%