Fig. 1

In vivo study protocol. Following baseline BP, HR measurements, and echocardiography, animals in the BB, ACEI, and AA groups received daily bisoprolol, perindopril, and eplerenone, respectively. Animals in the CON and D-CON groups received an oral drug-free vehicle (“placebo”) daily. DOX administration was performed on experimental days 8, 11, 14, 17, 20 and 23 in the D-CON, BB, ACEI, and AA groups. Animals in the CON group received intravenous saline on the same days. Repeated BP and HR measurements were performed on days 7 and 39, while follow-up echocardiography was carried out on days 51 and 80. AA = aldosterone antagonist (eplerenone), ACEI = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (perindopril), BB = β-blocker (bisoprolol), DOX = doxorubicin, Echo = echocardiography