Fig. 3

Microbiota from CAD patients cause imbalanced bile acids profiles and regulate genes involved in BA synthesis. a Relative amounts of bile acids categories in the serum and faeces of Con and CAD mice. b UPLC-MS/MS analyses of bile acids in the faeces significantly changed. c Gene expression of Fgfr 4 in the liver. d The graphs represent gene expression of enzymes involved in bile acids biosynthesis in the liver. e The proportion of CA/CDCA ratio in the faeces. f Concentrations of bile acids significantly changed in the serum. g Secondary bile acids abundance in CAD patients (N = 6) and healthy volunteer donors (N = 5). Mean values ± SEM are plotted; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001, Mann–Whitney U test. Con colonization with microbiota from healthy donors, n = 9-11; CAD, colonization with microbiota from coronary artery disease patients, n = 10-12. BAs, bile acids; CA, cholic acid; CDCA, chenodeoxycholic acid; MCA, muricholic acid; DCA, deoxycholic acid; HDCA, hyodeoxycholic acid; LCA, lithocholic acid; UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid; T, taurine-conjugated