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Table 1 General characteristics of participants

From: Metabolic profiling of pre-gestational and gestational diabetes mellitus identifies novel predictors of pre-term delivery

Time

Variables

Total

Controls

GDM

T2DM

F

P value

DM

F

P value

(N = 67)

(N = 21)

(N = 32)

(N = 14)

ANOVA

(N = 46)

Controls vs DM

Second trimester

Age (years)

31.9 (5.7)

29.2 (5.1)

32.8 (5.6)

34.2 (5.5)

4.243

0.019

33.2 (5.6)

0.187

0.007

BMI (kg/m2)

31.9 (6.8)

29.9 (8.4)

33.2 (6.1)

32.3 (5.0)

1.545

0.221

32.9 (5.7)

2.462

0.089

SBP (mmHg)

111.6 (12.4)

109.9 (12.0)

109.7 (11.9)

118.5 (12.5)

2.913

0.062

112.3 (12.6)

0.017

0.459

DBP (mmHg)

63.7 (7.7)

66.5 (9.3)

62.3 (5.7)

62.4 (8.2)

2.223

0.117

62.3 (6.5)

0.110

0.037

Cholesterol (mmol.L)

4.8 (1.1)

5.0 (1.0)

4.7 (0.8)

4.9 (1.6)

0.449

0.783

4.7 (1.1)

4.220

0.552

Triglycerides (mmol.L)

1.5 (0.8)

1.2 (0.6)

1.4 (0.9)

2.1 (0.5)

4.384

0.024

1.6 (0.8)

0.019

0.090

HDL (mmol.L)

1.4 (0.4)

1.6 (0.4)

1.3 (0.3)

1.1 (0.5)

3.101

0.058

1.2 (0.4)

0.682

0.030

LDL (mmol.L)

2.8 (0.9)

2.9 (0.9)

2.8 (0.7)

2.8 (1.4)

0.004

0.996

2.8 (1.0)

1.757

0.933

Insulin (uIU.L)

0. 5 (0.4)

0.3 (0.3)

0.5 (0.3)

0.7 (0.5)

4.026

0.023

0.5 (0.4)

8.120

0.048

HbA1C

5.4 (0.7)

5.1 (0.4)

5.3 (0.4)

6.0 (0.8)

11.976

0.000

5.5 (0.7)

2.943

0.02

Vitamin D3

15.2 (6.0)

15.8 (5.6)

15.1 (6.8)

14.2 (4.3)

0.220

0.804

14.9 (6.2)

0.727

0.600

Urea (nmol.L)

3.1 (1.2)

3.2 (1.0)

3.2 (1.5)

2.6 (0.4)

2.081

0.241

3.0 (1.2)

4.835

0.445

Creatinine (nmol.L)

50.1 (9.1)

49.9 (8.1)

49.4 (10.1)

51.7 (8.9)

0.302

0.741

50.2 (9.7)

0.058

0.890

ALT

15.2 (10.1)

13.2 (10.7)

17.0 (11.4)

14.6 (5.0)

0.894

0.414

16.2 (9.7)

0.609

0.269

AST

16.8 (7.1)

16.3 (5.8)

18.1 (7.9)

14.9 (7.2)

1.010

0.370

17.0 (7.7)

0.248

0.700

Bilirubin (umol.L)

7.6 (4.4)

7.8 (2.4)

7.9 (4.9)

6.8 (5.6)

0.305

0.721

7.5 (5.1)

2.879

0.813

ALP (iu.L)

83.2 (35.5)

81.5 (41.7)

86.4 (34.9)

79.6 (27.7)

0.204

0.817

84.1 (32.4)

3.058

0.791

Albumin (g.L)

34.7 (6.7)

36.5 (6.7)

35.0 (7.0)

31.7 (5.2)

2.251

0.114

33.9 (6.6)

2.328

0.145

TSH (mU.L)

2.4 (3.4)

2.8 (3.5)

2.6 (4.0)

1.5 (0.7)

0.604

0.579

2.3 (3.4)

1.698

0.624

Thyroxine (pmol.L)

12.6 (1.8)

12.9 (2.0)

12.4 (1.7)

12.6 (1.9)

0.283

0.666

12.4 (1.7)

0.065

0.388

TP (g.L)

66.3 (5.4)

65.1 (5.2)

67.0 (5.7)

66.8 (4.8)

0.839

0.437

67.0 (5.4)

0.023

0.199

Gestational age (weeks)

20.9 (4.4)

20.9 (4.9)

20.6 (4.3)

21.6 (3.9)

0.258

0.774

20.9 (4.2)

0.753

0.947

At birth

SBP (mmHg)

119.9 (11.8)

118.7 (11.8)

119.4 (9.5)

122.9 (16.4)

0.566

0.571

120.4 (11.8)

2.875

0.576

DBP (mmHg)

72.1 (9.6)

70.4 (8.5)

72.4 (8.1)

74.1 (14.3)

0.618

0.542

72.9 (10.1)

6.333

0.328

HbA1c

5.6 (0.9)

N/A

5.2 (0.4)

6.0 (1.3)

5.831

0.02

5.6 (0.9)

1.991

N/A

Weight (Kg)

82.8 (14.0)

80.9 (17.0)

83.5 (12.7)

84.2 (12.6)

0.296

0.745

83.7 (12.6)

0.588

0.450

Gestational age (weeks)

38.2 (1.6)

38.8 (1.2)

38.4 (1.4)

36.8 (1.6)

9.276

0.000

37.9 (1.6)

0.229

0.020

Newborn weight (grams)

3073.9 (527.7)

3088.8 (492.2)

3110.3 (561.6)

2968.2 (523.1)

0.358

0.700

3067.0 (548.3)

0.356

0.877

  1. BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; TP, total protein; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase. Data are presented as mean (SD). Differences between Controls, GDM and T2DM were tested by ANOVA. Differences between controls and all DM (GDM + T2DM) were tested by independent sample t test (normally distributed variables) or Mann–Whitney U (variables with skewed distribution) test. A p-value significance level of 0.05 was used
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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