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Table 4 Binary logistic regression analysis of clinicopathological characteristics of patients admitted with symptoms of COVID-19 (n = 224)

From: Prognostic factors in patients admitted to an urban teaching hospital with COVID-19 infection

 

Alive (n = 172)

Dead (n = 52)

p-value

O.R

95% CI

p-value

Age (< / ≥ 70 years)

124/48

19/33

 < 0.001

3.9

1.4–8.2

 < 0.001

Sex (male/female)

91/81

33/19

0.181

   

BMI (< 20; ≥ 20–29; ≥ 30 kg/m2)

13/85/74

4/25/23

0.867

   

SIMD (1 (most)–6 (least) deprived)

81/31/17/23/1/19

24/4/7/11/0/6

0.685

   

Ethnicity (1–5)

159/0/7/2/3

50/0/0/0/2

0.774

   

Living circumstances (0–3)

151/11/7/3

39/2/8/3

0.008

   

Past Medical History

 Hypertension (y/n)

63/109

28/24

0.027

─

─

0.229

 Heart failure (y/n)

12/160

11/41

0.003

3.3

1.2–19.3

0.028

 T1DM (y/n)

2/170

0/52

0.436

   

 T2DM (y/n)

37/135

15/37

0.273

   

 Chronic renal failure (y/n)

18/154

10/42

0.095

   

 Cognitive impairment (y/n)

16/156

14/38

0.001

   

 Previous delirium (y/n)

6/166

10/40

 < 0.001

   

 Frailty score (≤ / > 3)

107/65

14/38

 < 0.001

   

 COPD (y/n)

29/143

12/40

0.311

   

 Smoker (never/ex/active)

82/70/20

24/27/1

0.428

   

 Alcohol excess (y/n)

22/150

9/43

0.410

   

 Liver disease (y/n)

15/157

4/48

0.816

   

 Hep C (never/previous/active)

167/2/2

51/1/0

0.650

   

 Active cancer (y/n)

6/166

3/49

0.464

   

Diagnostic criteria

 PCR positive/Clinical Dx/Radiological Dx

74/7/91

37/1/14

0.001

   

 PCR negative/indeterminate/positive

43/42/83

4/9/39

0.001

   

 CXR negative/positive

63/107

30/21

0.006

0.40

0.4–0.9

0.020

Physiology at presentation

 NEWS (≤ / > 4)

75/96

12/39

0.009

2.4

1.1–4.4

0.024

 Delirium (y/n)

14/158

12/36

0.001

   

Laboratory results at presentation

 CRP (< / ≥ 150 mg/L)

134/37

34/18

0.058

   

 Albumin (≥ / < 35 g/L)

82/87

15/35

0.021

   

 poGPS (0/1/2)

130/35/3

32/15/3

0.032

2.2

1.1–4.4

0.024

 WCC (< 4.5 / ≥ 4.5—≤ 11.0 / > 11.0 × 109/L)

23/118/30

7/34/11

0.750

   

 Neutrophils (< / ≥ 7.5 × 109/L)

132/39

34/18

0.088

   

 Lymphocytes (≥ / < 1.5 × 109/L)

52/118

7/45

0.015

   

 NLR (< 3/ 3–5 / ≥ 5)

39/46/85

5/9/38

0.004

–

–

0.126

 Hb (≥ / < 12.0 g/dL)

143/28

38/13

0.142

   

 MCV (> / ≤ 99 fl)

149/21

40/11

0.102

   

 Hct (male ≥ / < 0.40) (female ≥ / < 0.37) L/L

126/45

29/23

0.014

─

─

0.125

 Platelets (≥ / < 150 × 109)

140/30

40/12

0.383

   

 Sodium (< 133/ ≥ 133- ≤ 146/ > 146 mmol/L)

17/153/2

9/40/3

0.013

   

 Potassium (< 3.5/ ≥ 3.5- ≤ 5.5/ > 5.5 mmol/L)

13/142/2

5/36/0

0.822

   

 Mg (≥ / < 0.75 mmol/L)

33/60

8/28

0.148

   

 Urea (≤ / > 7.5 mmol/L)

125/47

24/28

 < 0.001

   

 Creatinine (≤ / > 130 umol/L)

159/13

43/9

0.039

   

 AST (≤ / > 40 IU)

96/55

24/16

0.678

   

 ALT (≤ / > 56 IU)

136/33

41/9

0.810

   

 ALP (≤ / > 130 IU)

155/14

49/2

0.294

   

 Bilirubin (≤ / > 17 mmol/L)

151/18

45/6

0.823

   
  1. Living circumstances: 0 = independent, 1 = sheltered accommodation, 2 = care home, 3 = nursing home
  2. Ethnicity: White = 1, Mixed = 2, Asian = 3, Black = 4, Other ethnic groups = 5
  3. poGPS peri-operative Glasgow prognostic score, NLR neutrophil lymphocyte ratio
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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