Table 2 Emerging investigational vaccine trials to treat SARS-CoV-2 patients
Vaccines | Company | MoA | Comment/status |
|---|---|---|---|
Targeted SARS-CoV-19 antibodies | Tsinghua University in Beijing, China | Neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virion to infect cells | Specific antibodies can inactivate the viral particle, which eventually could be helpful in treating COVID-19 patients No clinical trial yet |
ChAdOxa nCoV-19 vaccine | Oxford University | Immune system | Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 expressed in harmless common cold adenovirus Vaccine candidate showed effective immune response in clinical trial |
Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo | Gamaleya Research Institute, Russia | Immune system | Gam-COVID-Vac Lyo”, is a viral vector-based vaccine-fused with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 to stimulate the immune response Vaccine showed effective single-dose immune response in clinical trial |
mRNA-1273 | Moderna, Inc. | Binds to SARS-CoV-2 RNA | Entered in clinical testing Phase-2 No clinical efficacy data yet |
DNA vaccines | Inovio | Immune system | DNA plasmid expressing S (spike) protein Presently at phase-1 trial |
Virus-like particles | CanSino Biologicals | Immune system | Developing vaccine by expressing S (spike) protein in adenovirus Presently at the pre-clinical stage |
Live attenuated vaccine | Soligenix and University of Hawaii | Immune system | Live inactivated vaccines are challenging to grow and scale-up Presently at pre-clinical stage |
Repurposed vaccines Bacille Calmette-Guerin | Assiut University | Immune system | Trial underway against SARS-CoV-2 No clinical data yet |