Fig. 4
From: Localized cytokine responses to total knee arthroplasty and total knee revision complications
Quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) revealed distinct groupings for primary TKA vs. TKR (aseptic or septic). Cytokines with significant infection-dependent or implant-related elevations via two-way ANOVA were analyzed via quadratic discriminant analysis. Canonical scores for each cytokine (covariate) were calculated, and the 95% confidence interval is shown for primary TKA (green), aseptic TKR (red), and septic TKR (blue). The + symbol represents the mean of each group. Biplot rays describe the degree of association of a certain cytokine with canonical variables