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Fig. 1 | Journal of Translational Medicine

Fig. 1

From: The importance of vitamin d metabolism as a potential prophylactic, immunoregulatory and neuroprotective treatment for COVID-19

Fig. 1

Schematic overview of vitamin D metabolism and functions. Conversion of pro-hormone 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D3 occurs primarily in kidneys, which is catalyzed by the enzyme CYP27B1 and released systemically to maintain skeletal homeostasis including calcium and phosphate metabolism. PTH is the main hormone in calcium homeostasis, regulating systemic calcium levels through its regulation of renal CYP27B1. Expression of CYP27B1 in extra-renal tissues has been demonstrated, which supports local synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3 to act as immunosuppressant during the inflammation or invasion of microbe. The regulatory loop of extra-renal CYP27B1 and local synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3 is not fully understood

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