Fig. 3

L. sakei RH1114 and RH1117 inhibit the development of RA in a mouse model. a L. sakei (50 mg/kg) (n = 5) was fed orally once per day to DBA/1 J mice with CIA. Left, arthritis score; right, arthritis incidence. b Effect of L. sakei on RA in mice with CIA. Tissue from the hind-paw joints was stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as Safranin O. c Immunohistochemical analysis showed that L. sakei ameliorated CIA and downregulated proinflammatory factors, compared to vehicle (control). Immunohistochemical staining for tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 in the synovium of mice with CIA (scale bar, 100 µm) (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.03, ***P < 0.01)