Involvement of glutathione peroxidases in the occurrence and development of breast cancers

Table 2 The expression, function and potential mechanism of GPxs in breast cancers

GPxs	Location	Main findings in breast cancers	References
GPx1	3p21.31	TFAP2C regulates GPx1 promoter through an AP-2 regulatory region	[81]
		GPx1 polymorphism in modifying stress response	[82]
		Decreased GPx1 expression	[83]
		Loss of heterozygosity and allelic differences of GPx1	[88]
		Pro198Leu-associated decreased GPx1 activity with high breast cancer risk	[89, 92]
		The Leu198Leu genotype of GPx-1	[91]
		Regulate the sensitivity to doxorubicin	[93]
GPx2	14q23.3	Upregulated in breast cancer cells	[19]
		Overexpression in rat breast cancer	[98]
		Highly regulated by retinoic acid	[94]
GPx3	5q33.1	Downregulated in aggressive phenotype of breast cancer	[103]
GPx3	5q33.1	An independent predictive marker for local recurrence of early-stage invasive cancer patients	[104]
GPx4	19p13.3	Downregulated in breast cancer cells	[19]
		Predict poor prognosis of invasive ductal breast carcinoma	[106]
		Impaired GPx4 expression in peripheral blood monocytes as a biomarker for increased breast cancer risk	[111]
GPx5	6p22.1	Downregulated in breast cancer cells	[19]
GPx6	6p22.1	Downregulated in breast cancer cells	[19]
GPx7	1p32.3	Downregulated in breast cancer cells	[19]
GPx8	5q11.2	Not available

ISSN: 1479-5876