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Table 1 The types of GPxs and their proven substrates

From: Involvement of glutathione peroxidases in the occurrence and development of breast cancers

GPxs

Types

Expressions

Locations

Oxidizing substrates

Reducing substrate

Peroxidatic residue

References

GPx1

Selenium-dependent

Red cells, liver, lung, and kidney

Cytosol, nucleus, and mitochondria

H2O2, soluble low MM hydroperoxides

GSH

Sec

[17, 83]

GPx2

Selenium-dependent

Gastrointestinal tract

Cytosol and nucleus

N.F.

N.F.

Sec

[118,119,120]

GPx3

Selenium-dependent

Kidney, lung, epididymis, breast, heart, and muscle

Mitochondria

H2O2, soluble low MM hydroperoxides

GSH, low rate with thioredoxin and glutaredoxin

Sec

[17, 121]

GPx4

Selenium-dependent

Various tissues

Nucleus, cytosol, and mitochondria

H2O2, small hydroperoxides, hydroperoxides in complex lipids

GSH, Dithiothreitol

Sec

[122,123,124]

GPx5

Non-Selenium-dependent

Epididymis

Extracellular

N.F.

N.F.

Cys

[17, 125]

GPx6

Selenium-dependent in human

Olfactory epithelium

N.A.

N.F.

N.F.

Sec (human)

Cys (rats)

[17, 126]

GPx7

Non-Selenium-dependent

Preadipocytes

N.A.

H2O2

GSH, Protein disulfide isomerase

Cys

[17, 127, 128]

GPx8

Non-Selenium-dependent

Lung

Endoplasmic reticulum

H2O2

GSH

Cys

[128, 129]

  1. MM molecular mass, N.F. not found, N. A. not available