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Table 1 Baseline characteristic of participants according to different BP patterns diagnosed by criterion A

From: White-coat hypertension and incident end-stage renal disease in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease: results from the C-STRIDE Study

 

Total (N = 1714)

NT (N = 672)

WCH (N = 81)

MH (N + (N = 529)

SH (N = 432)

P

Age (years)

48.9 ± 13.8

46.7 ± 14.4

53.1 ± 14.4a

49.9 ± 12.8ab

50.0 ± 13.3ab

< 0.001

Male, n (%)

974 (56.8%)

321 (47.8%)

38 (46.9%)

318 (60.1%)ab

297 (68.8%)abc

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

24.6 ± 3.9

23.9 ± 3.6

25.0 ± 4.0a

24.8 ± 3.8a

25.6 ± 4.1ac

< 0.001

Smokers, n (%)

623 (36.8%)

188 (28.2%)

24 (30.8%)

213 (40.7%)a

198 (46.7%)abc

< 0.001

DM, n (%)

366 (24.7%)

94 (16.5%)

18 (26.1%)a

123 (26.9%)a

131 (34.2%)abc

< 0.001

CVD history, n (%)

155 (9.0%)

41 (6.1%)

12 (14.8%)

55 (10.4%)

47 (10.9%)

0.004

Anti-hypertension, n (%) treatment

1245 (76.7%)

380 (61.8%)

66 (85.7%)a

422 (81.8%)a

377 (90.8%)ac

< 0.001

Causes of CKD*

< 0.001

 DKD

212 (12.4%)

35 (5.2%)

11 (13.6%)a

73 (13.8%)a

93 (21.5%)abc

 

 GN

1048 (61.1%)

489 (72.8%)

40 (49.4%)a

313 (59.2%)a

206 (47.7%)ac

 

 Others

442 (25.8%)

144 (21.4%)

29 (35.8%)a

140 (26.5%)

129 (29.9%)a

 

ALB (g/L)

38.3 ± 7.4

38.7 ± 7.2

39.4 ± 5.2

38.2 ± 7.6

37.7 ± 7.9a

0.1

FBG (mmol/L)

4.9 (4.4, 5.6)

4.8 (4.3, 5.4)

5.0 (4.5, 5.5)

4.9 (4.4, 5.7)a

5.0 (4.5, 5.9)a

0.004

HGB (g/L)

126.5 ± 22.4

127.7 ± 19.55

121.9 ± 22.2a

126.3 ± 24.2

125.7 ± 24.5

0.1

TG (mmol/L)

1.8 (1.2, 2.5)

1.7 (1.2, 2.4)

1.8 (1.3, 2.4)

1.9 (1.3, 2.6)a

1.9 (1.3, 2.6)a

0.004

TC (mmol/L)

4.7 (3.9, 5.7)

4.7 (3.9, 5.7)

4.6 (3.8, 5.5)

4.7 (3.9, 5.6)

4.7 (3.9, 5.7)

0.8

HDLC (mmol/L)

1.1 (0.9, 1.3)

1.1 (0.9, 1.4)

1.0 (0.9, 1.3)

1.0 (0.9, 1.3)a

1.1 (0.9, 1.2)a

0.001

LDLC (mmol/L)

2.6 (2.1, 3.2)

2.6 (2.1, 3.2)

2.6 (2.1, 3.2)

2.5 (2.1, 3.2)

2.7 (2.2, 3.3)

0.5

Cr (μmol/L)

98 (141, 198)

116.0 (80.0, 164.2)

153.0 (106.7, 218.4)a

151.0 (108.0, 204.5)a

167.0 (122.0, 243.2)ac

< 0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

52.2 ± 30.1

62.9 ± 32.7

43.3 ± 24.3a

48.2 ± 28.2a

42.2 ± 23.3ac

< 0.001

24 h-Upro (g/L)

1.0 (0.4, 2.4)

0.7 (0.3, 1.5)

1.0 (0.4, 2.9)a

1.1 (0.4, 2.5)a

1.8 (0.8, 3.5)abc

< 0.001

CKD stages, n (%)

< 0.001

 1

256 (14.9%)

174 (25.9%)

5 (6.2%)a

55 (10.4%)a

22 (5.1%)ac

 

 2

305 (17.8%)

144 (21.4%)

11 (13.6%)

90 (17.0%)

60 (13.9%)a

 

 3

676 (39.5%)

228 (33.9%)

36 (44.4%)

220 (41.6%)a

192 (44.5%)a

 

 4

477 (27.8%)

126 (18.8%)

29 (35.8%)a

164 (31.0%)a

158 (36.6%)a

 
  1. BP blood pressure, NT normal BP, WCH white-coat hypertension, MH masked hypertension, SH sustained hypertension, BMI Body mass index, GN glomerulonephritis, DKD diabetic kidney disease, ALB serum albumin, FBG fasting blood glucose, DM diabetes mellitus, HGB hemoglobin, TG triglyceride, TC total cholesterol, HDLC high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDLC low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Cr creatinine, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, 24 h-Upro 24-hour urinary protein, CKD chronic kidney disease, CVD cardiovascular disease
  2. Missing counts: BMI 4, ALB 243, smoker 22, CVD history 7, antihypertension treatment: 91, Causes of CKD 12, DM 273, FBG 271, HGB 109, TG 311, TC 311, HDLC 352, LDLC 351, and 24 h-Upro 90
  3. * The diagnosis was made mainly basing on medical history and clinical features, with only 578 patients having renal biopsy confirmation. Among them, 513 patients were diagnosed as GN. IgAN constituted the majority of GN group (54.2%), following by mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (32.2%) and membranous nephropathy (10.5%). Others group included hypertensive nephropathy, tubulointerstitial nephritis, and cause unknown etc
  4. aP < 0.05 comparison with NT
  5. bP < 0.05 comparison with WCH
  6. cP < 0.05 comparison with MH
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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