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Table 2 Results of other studies comparing malignant neoplasm versus normal tissue (grouped by cancer type)

From: The clinical application of electrical impedance technology in the detection of malignant neoplasms: a systematic review

Author

Country of origin

Site

Histology of malignant tissue tested

Cancer samples

Benign samples

Specimen state

Discriminative strengtha

Halter 2015

USA

Breast

IDC

10

9

In-vivo

Good

Gregory 2012

USA

Breast

IDC or ILC ± DCIS or LCIS

232

141

Ex-vivo

Insufficient

Kim 2007

USA

Breast

IDC

1

1

In-vivo

Insufficient

Cherepenin 2001

Russia

Breast

–

21

21

In-vivo

Insufficient

da Silva 2000

Portugal

Breast

–

21

42

Ex-vivo

Insufficient

Osterman 2000

USA

Breast

ILC or IDC

3

12

In-vivo

Insufficient

Chauveau 1999

France

Breast

IDC

2

1

Ex-vivo

Insufficient

Jossinet 1998

France

Breast

–

23

64

Ex-vivo

Insufficient

Stojadinovic 2005

Multicentre

Breast

(Various)

29

1074

Ex-vivo

Good

Kao 2008

USA

Breast

IDC and DCIS

3

1

In-vivo

Moderateb

Halter 2009

USA

Breast

IDC + DCIS

11

4

Both

Insufficient

Du 2017

China

Breast

(Various)

581

395

Ex-vivo

Good

Mahara 2015

USA

Prostate

–

3

3

Ex-vivo

Insufficient

Mishra 2013

USA

Prostate

–

21

367

Ex-vivo

Good

Wan 2013

USA

Prostate

–

45

45

In-vivo

Insufficient

Mishra 2012

USA

Prostate

–

36

288

Ex-vivo

Insufficient

de Abreu 2011

Brazil

Prostate

–

23

27

In-vivo

Insufficient

Halter 2011

USA

Prostate

–

71

465

Ex-vivo

Good

Halter 2008

USA

Prostate

–

29

151

Ex-vivo

Insufficient

Halter 2007

USA

Prostate

Adenocarcinoma

o

5

Ex-vivo

Insufficient

Khan 2016

USA

Prostate

–

23

53

Ex-vivo

Insufficient

Murphy 2017

USA

Prostate

–

12

105

Ex-vivo

Good

Lee 1999

USA

Prostate

–

6

6

Ex-vivo

Insufficient

Halter 2008

USA

Prostate

–

17

345

Ex-vivo

Insufficient

Keshtkar 2006

Iran

Bladder

–

24

73

In-vivo

Insufficient

Wilkinson 2002

UK

Bladder

–

35

35

Ex-vivo

Insufficient

Keshtkar 2012

Iran

Bladder

–

30

100

Ex-vivo

Good

Prakash 2014

USA

Hepatic

Metastasis-colorectal primary

41

91

Ex-vivo

Insufficient

Laufer 2010

Israel & USA

Hepatic

–

32

26

Ex-vivo

Insufficient

Gao 2014

China

Lung

(Various)

91

91

Ex-vivo

Insufficient

Cherepenin 2001

Russia

Lung

–

22

7

In-vivo

Insufficient

Sun 2010

Taiwan

Tongue

SCC

12

12

In-vivo

Insufficientc

Ching 2010

Taiwan

Tongue

SCC

5

5

In-vivo

Insufficient

Dua 2004

USA

Skin -BCC

BCC

18

16

In-vivo

Insufficient

Kuzmina 2005

Sweden

Skin -BCC

BCC

35

35

In-vivo

Insufficient

Keshtkar 2012

Iran

Gastric

Adenocarcinoma

19

22

In-vivo

Insufficient

Yun 2016

South Korea

Renal

RCC

10

10

Ex-vivo

Insufficient

Zheng 2013

USA

Thyroid

Papillary & follicular

27

133

In-vivo

Good

Pathiraja 2017

UK

Colorectal

Adenocarcinoma

22

22

Ex-vivo

Good

Habibi 2011

USA

Skin-scc

SCC

1

14

In-vivo

Insufficient

Knabe 2013

Germany

Oesophagus

Adenocarcinoma & SCC

30

19

In-vivo

Insufficientc

  1. IDC: invasive ductal carcinoma; ILC: invasive lobular carcinoma; DCIS: ductal carcinoma in situ; LCIS: lobular carcinoma in situ; SCC: squamous cell carcinoma; BCC: basal cell carcinoma; (Various): more than 3 histological cancer subtypes included; ‘–’, not stated
  2. aDiscriminative strength is a summary of the reported quantitative indices for discrimination between neoplastic and normal tissue in each study, not taking into account the number of samples. This was rated as follows: “Good”, AUROC > 0.7 or sensitivity and specificity both > 0.75 or Youden index > 0.5; “Moderate”, AUROC > 0.6 or Sensitivity > 0.7 + Youden index > 0.25; “Insufficient”, not meeting the above criteria or insufficient data. Youden index is calculated as (sensitivity + specificity) minus 1 [11]
  3. bThis study reported moderate discriminative ability in the < 40 year group
  4. cThese two studies reported statistically significant differences between malignant and normal tissue on EIS, but insufficient data for calculating the overall discriminative strength
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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