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Table 3 Prevalence of subgroups analyses

From: A meta-analysis on the prevalence, associated factors and diagnostic methods of mental stress induced myocardial ischemia

Subgroups

No. of studies

Total

MSIMI

Pooled prevalence(%)

95%CI

Effect Model

Heterogeneity

Test for

overall effect

Basic characteristics

 Female

11

612

162

30

0.21, 0.39

Random

Tau2 = 0.02; Chi2 = 55.51, df = 10 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 82%

Z = 6.66 (P < 0.00001)

 Male

11

1519

420

31

0.22, 0.40

Random

Tau2 = 0.02; Chi2 = 148.60, df = 10 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 93%

Z = 7.07 (P < 0.00001)

 White

3

440

175

40

0.35, 0.44

Fix

Chi2 = 1.37, df = 2 (P = 0.50); I2 = 0%

Z = 17.02 (P < 0.00001)

 Other races

3

96

45

47

0.37, 0.57

Fix

Chi2 = 2.94, df = 2 (P = 0.23); I2 = 32%

Z = 0.54 (P = 0.59)

 Smoke+

8

902

256

34

0.21, 0.46

Random

Tau2 = 0.03; Chi2 = 103.54, df = 7 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 93%

Z = 5.43 (P < 0.00001)

 Smoke−

8

676

190

31

0.20, 0.42

Random

Tau2 = 0.02; Chi2 = 65.09, df = 7 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 89%

Z = 5.48 (P < 0.00001)

 Hypertension+

8

1211

355

34

0.23, 0.44

Random

Tau2 = 0.02; Chi2 = 102.11, df = 7 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 93%

Z = 6.25 (P < 0.00001)

 Hypertension−

8

367

91

30

0.18, 0.43

Random

Tau2 = 0.03; Chi2 = 52.54, df = 7 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 87%

Z = 4.72 (P < 0.00001)

 Hyperlipidemia+ 

8

1255

381

36

0.24, 0.47

Random

Tau2 = 0.03; Chi2 = 135.94, df = 7 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 95%

Z = 6.09 (P < 0.00001)

 Hyperlipidemia−

8

185

39

29

0.17, 0.40

Random

Tau2 = 0.01; Chi2 = 15.92, df = 6 (P = 0.01); I2 = 62%

Z = 4.86 (P < 0.00001)

 Diabetes+

8

466

142

38

0.25, 0.52

Random

Tau2 = 0.03; Chi2 = 63.60, df = 7 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 89%

Z = 5.54 (P < 0.00001)

 Diabetes−

8

1112

304

31

0.20, 0.42

Random

Tau2 = 0.02; Chi2 = 113.93, df = 7 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 94%

Z = 5.58 (P < 0.00001)

 Depression+

2

71

28

56

0.15, 2.08

Random

Tau2 = 0.75; Chi2 = 5.93, df = 1 (P = 0.01); I2 = 83%

Z = 0.87 (P = 0.39)

 Depression−

2

318

122

31

0.07, 0.54

Random

Tau2 = 0.03; Chi2 = 15.40, df = 1 (P < 0.0001); I2 = 94%

Z = 2.58 (P = 0.010)

 Post MI+

5

585

189

38

0.21, 0.55

Random

Tau2 = 0.03; Chi2 = 78.29, df = 4 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 95%

Z = 4.43 (P < 0.00001)

 Post MI−

5

760

189

32

0.17, 0.46

Random

Tau2 = 0.02; Chi2 = 62.36, df = 4 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 94%

Z = 4.36 (P < 0.0001)

 PTCA+

3

633

168

32

0.11, 0.53

Random

Tau2 = 0.03; Chi2 = 59.22, df = 2 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 97%

Z = 2.97 (P = 0.003)

 PTCA−

3

495

136

34

0.14, 0.54

Random

Tau2 = 0.03; Chi2 = 37.29, df = 2 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 95%

Z = 3.40 (P = 0.0007)

 CABG+

3

432

148

37

0.21, 0.54

Random

Tau2 = 0.02; Chi2 = 22.92, df = 2 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 91%

Z = 4.57 (P < 0.00001)

 CABG−

3

696

156

30

0.08, 0.52

Random

Tau2 = 0.04; Chi2 = 70.62, df = 2 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 97%

Z = 2.67 (P = 0.008)

 Aspirin+

5

1081

298

33

0.18, 0.48

Random

Tau2 = 0.03; Chi2 = 91.34, df = 4 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 96%

Z = 4.34 (P < 0.0001)

 Aspirin−

5

198

58

32

0.20, 0.45

Random

Tau2 = 0.01; Chi2 = 12.74, df = 4 (P = 0.01); I2 = 69%

Z = 5.08 (P < 0.00001)

 Other antiplatelets+

3

396

117

33

0.11, 0.55

Random

Tau2 = 0.04; Chi2 = 38.94, df = 2 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 95%

Z = 2.96 (P = 0.003)

 Other antiplatelets−

3

732

187

32

0.12, 0.51

Random

Tau2 = 0.03; Chi2 = 59.37, df = 2 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 97%

Z = 3.19 (P = 0.001)

 ACEI+

5

658

201

34

0.21, 0.47

Random

Tau2 = 0.02; Chi2 = 42.57, df = 4 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 91%

Z = 5.24 (P < 0.00001)

 ACEI−

5

621

155

33

0.17, 0.49

Random

Tau2 = 0.03; Chi2 = 58.21, df = 4 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 93%

Z = 4.03 (P < 0.0001)

 ARB+

2

149

38

35

− 0.08, 0.78

Random

Tau2 = 0.09; Chi2 = 26.62, df = 1 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 96%

Z = 1.61 (P = 0.11)

 ARB−

2

818

202

29

0.04, 0.54

Random

Tau2 = 0.03; Chi2 = 54.50, df = 1 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 98%

Z = 2.30 (P = 0.02)

 β-block+

6

1086

301

31

0.19, 0.42

Random

Tau2 = 0.02; Chi2 = 85.31, df = 5 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 94%

Z = 5.01 (P < 0.00001)

 β-block−

6

331

81

30

0.19, 0.41

Random

Tau2 = 0.01; Chi2 = 20.32, df = 5 (P = 0.001); I2 = 75%

Z = 5.31 (P < 0.00001)

 CCB+

4

165

56

32

0.20, 0.43

Random

Tau2 = 0.01; Chi2 = 7.26, df = 3 (P = 0.06); I2 = 59%

Z = 5.49 (P < 0.00001)

 CCB−

4

509

190

34

0.21, 0.47

Random

Tau2 = 0.02; Chi2 = 28.66, df = 3 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 90%

Z = 5.16 (P < 0.00001)

 Statins+

6

1236

344

31

0.19, 0.43

Random

Tau2 = 0.02; Chi2 = 96.14, df = 5 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 95%

Z = 5.10 (P < 0.00001)

 Statins−

6

181

38

19

0.14, 0.25

Fix

Chi2 = 8.00, df = 5 (P = 0.16); I2 = 38%

Z = 6.77 (P < 0.00001)

Country

 USA

16

2857

814

33

0.26, 0.40

Random

Tau2 = 0.02; Chi2 = 258.05, df = 15 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 94%

Z = 9.60 (P < 0.00001)

 Other countries

4

307

88

27

0.08, 0.46

Random

Tau2 = 0.04; Chi2 = 54.00, df = 3 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 94%

Z = 2.78 (P = 0.005)

       

Test for subgroup differences: Chi2 = 0.29, df = 1 (P = 0.59), I2 = 0%

Mental stress (MS)

 Public speaking

6

1606

314

22

0.17, 0.28

Random

Tau2 = 0.00; Chi2 = 34.85, df = 5 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 86%

Z = 7.95 (P < 0.00001)

 Mental arithmetic

3

354

100

26

0.12, 0.40

Random

Tau2 = 0.01; Chi2 = 19.63, df = 2 (P < 0.0001); I2 = 90%

Z = 8.86 (P < 0.00001)

 Anger recall

2

151

52

34

0.27, 0.42

Fix

Chi2 = 0.23, df = 1 (P = 0.63); I2 = 0%

 

 Two MS

5

536

196

37

0.23, 0.51

Random

Tau2 = 0.02; Chi2 = 50.67, df = 4 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 92%

Z = 5.12 (P < 0.00001)

 Three or more than three MS

4

517

240

43

0.24, 0.61

Random

Tau2 = 0.03; Chi2 = 51.27, df = 3 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 94%

Z = 4.51 (P < 0.00001)

       

Test for subgroup differences: Chi2 = 11.21, df = 4 (P = 0.02), I2 = 64.3%

Diagnostic techniques

 SPECT

9

1893

417

26

0.20, 0.32

Random

Tau2 = 0.01; Chi2 = 70.54, df = 8 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 89%

Z = 8.68 (P < 0.00001)

 RNV

2

177

49

38

− 0.01, 0.78

Random

Tau2 = 0.08; Chi2 = 22.05, df = 1 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 95%

Z = 1.90 (P = 0.06)

 ECG

2

146

24

16

0.10, 0.22

Fix

Chi2 = 1.03, df = 1 (P = 0.31); I2 = 3%

Z = 5.33 (P < 0.00001)

 Echocardiography

3

468

198

41

0.21, 0.61

Random

Tau2 = 0.03; Chi2 = 37.63, df = 2 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 95%

Z = 3.97 (P < 0.0001)

 Two types of diagnostic technique

4

480

214

43

0.33, 0.54

Random

Tau2 = 0.01; Chi2 = 16.19, df = 3 (P = 0.001); I2 = 81%

Z = 8.15 (P < 0.00001)

       

Test for subgroup differences: Chi2 = 23.61, df = 4 (P < 0.0001), I2 = 83.1%

Myocardial ischemia measurements

 LVEF decrease

2

220

42

19

0.14, 0.24

Fix

Chi2 = 0.02, df = 1 (P = 0.90); I2 = 0%

Z = 7.22 (P < 0.00001)

 WMA

3

197

99

51

0.34, 0.69

Random

Tau2 = 0.02; Chi2 = 12.46, df = 2 (P = 0.002); I2 = 84%

Z = 5.78 (P < 0.00001)

 ST depression

2

146

24

16

0.10, 0.22

Fix

Chi2 = 1.03, df = 1 (P = 0.31); I2 = 3%

Z = 5.33 (P < 0.00001)

 MPD

9

1893

417

26

0.20, 0.32

Random

Tau2 = 0.01; Chi2 = 70.54, df = 8 (P < 0.00001); I2 = 89%

Z = 8.68 (P < 0.00001)

 Two or more than two measurements

4

454

216

45

0.37, 0.53

Random

Tau2 = 0.01; Chi2 = 13.32, df = 3 (P = 0.004); I2 = 77%

Z = 11.07 (P < 0.00001)

       

Test for subgroup differences: Chi2 = 47.23, df = 4 (P < 0.00001), I2 = 91.5%

  1. MSIMI mental stress induced myocardial ischemia, MI myocardial infarction, PTCA percutaneous coronary angioplasty, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB angiotensin receptor block, CCB calcium-channel blocker, MS mental stress, SPECT single photon emission computed tomography, RNV radionuclide ventriculography, ECG electrocardiography, VEST ventricular function monitor, LVEF left ventricle ejection fraction, WMA wall motion abnormality, WMA wall motion abnormality, MPD myocardial perfusion defects
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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