Fig. 6

Graphene oxide inhibits the tumorigenesis of GSCs in a nude mouse model. a, b GSCs treated with 50 μm/ml GO or control GSCs were injected into nude mice (n = 5). The tumors formed in the GO-treated group were dramatically smaller than those formed in the control group. c The tumor volumes were quantified every 3 days after injection (n = 5). Data represent the mean ± SEM. d, e Tumor weights (d) and body weights (e) are presented as the mean ± SEM. f The tumor sections were performed with H&E staining and immunofluorescence staining using antibodies against ki-67. g Immunofluorescence staining of TUNEL (green) and active-caspase3 (red) were performed to evaluate the apoptosis of tumor cells. DAPI stains nuclei (blue). Scale bar = 50 μm. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Data represent the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments