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Table 1 Characteristics of the T2DM patients by HDL cholesterol tertiles

From: Is HDL cholesterol protective in patients with type 2 diabetes? A retrospective population-based cohort study

 

Lower tertile

< 41.5 mg/dL F

< 37.5 mg/dL M

Middle tertile

41.5 ≤ and < 52 mg/dL F

37.5 ≤ and < 47.5 mg/dL M

Higher tertile

≥52 mg/dL F

≥47.5 mg/dL M

P

Number

700

699

714

 

Males (%)

45.3

45.2

43.7

0.79

Age (years)

64.6 ± 11.8

65.8 ± 10.4

67.6 ± 10.1

< 0.001

Age of DM diagnosis

55.8 ± 12.5

55.4 ± 10.7

56.1 ± 10.7

0.57

Smoking (%)

16.7

15.6

12.9

0.12

Treated with insulin (%)

31.4

23.9

27.0

0.007

Treated with sulfonylureas (%)

64.4

69.4

67.9

0.13

Treated with metformin (%)

69.0

65.8

72.3

0.032

Treated with statins (%)

3.0

6.9

9.0

<0.001

Treated with fibrates (%)

8.4

4.0

2.1

< 0.001

Treated with hypotensive drugs (%)

52.0

53.4

51.1

0.70

Treated with ACE-inhibitors

33.6

33.6

29.7

0.19

Treated with acetylsalicylic acid (%)

33.4

32.9

29.0

0.15

BMI (kg/m2)

29.4 ± 5.5

29.2 ± 5.1

27.6 ± 4.7

< 0.001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

143.2 ± 11.4

143.6 ± 11.3

144.3 ± 11.1

0.21

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

83.4 ± 4.5

83.0 ± 4.2

83.2 ± 4.5

0.23

HbA1c (%)

6.7 ± 1.5

6.6 ± 1.2

6.5 ± 1.2

0.12

C-peptide (ng/mL) *

2.3 ± 1.4

2.0 ± 1.2

1.8 ± 1.1

< 0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

198.2 ± 47.0

209.1 ± 39.5

213.4 ± 40.0

< 0.001

Triglycerides (mg/dL) *

177.6 ± 118.2

139.7 ± 75.2

106.3 ± 56.8

< 0.001

Uric acid (mg/dL)

5.5 ± 1.7

5.3 ± 1.5

5.0 ± 1.4

< 0.001

Creatinine clearance (mL/min)

107.1 ± 48.3

106.9 ± 42.6

105.8 ± 40.0

0.83

Retinopathy (%)

20.9

20.9

21.9

0.87

Nephropathy (%)

22.7

22.0

21.4

0.84

Neuropathy (%)

9.6

9.3

8.5

0.78

Coronary artery diseases (%)

21.3

20.0

16.5

0.06

Peripheral vascular diseases (%)

18.1

17.0

16.1

0.59

Metabolic syndrome (%)

64.1

45.6

33.5

< 0.001

  1. *Kruskal–Wallis test