| Lower tertile < 41.5 mg/dL F < 37.5 mg/dL M | Middle tertile 41.5 ≤ and < 52 mg/dL F 37.5 ≤ and < 47.5 mg/dL M | Higher tertile ≥52 mg/dL F ≥47.5 mg/dL M | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 700 | 699 | 714 | Â |
Males (%) | 45.3 | 45.2 | 43.7 | 0.79 |
Age (years) | 64.6 ± 11.8 | 65.8 ± 10.4 | 67.6 ± 10.1 | < 0.001 |
Age of DM diagnosis | 55.8 ± 12.5 | 55.4 ± 10.7 | 56.1 ± 10.7 | 0.57 |
Smoking (%) | 16.7 | 15.6 | 12.9 | 0.12 |
Treated with insulin (%) | 31.4 | 23.9 | 27.0 | 0.007 |
Treated with sulfonylureas (%) | 64.4 | 69.4 | 67.9 | 0.13 |
Treated with metformin (%) | 69.0 | 65.8 | 72.3 | 0.032 |
Treated with statins (%) | 3.0 | 6.9 | 9.0 | <0.001 |
Treated with fibrates (%) | 8.4 | 4.0 | 2.1 | < 0.001 |
Treated with hypotensive drugs (%) | 52.0 | 53.4 | 51.1 | 0.70 |
Treated with ACE-inhibitors | 33.6 | 33.6 | 29.7 | 0.19 |
Treated with acetylsalicylic acid (%) | 33.4 | 32.9 | 29.0 | 0.15 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.4 ± 5.5 | 29.2 ± 5.1 | 27.6 ± 4.7 | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 143.2 ± 11.4 | 143.6 ± 11.3 | 144.3 ± 11.1 | 0.21 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 83.4 ± 4.5 | 83.0 ± 4.2 | 83.2 ± 4.5 | 0.23 |
HbA1c (%) | 6.7 ± 1.5 | 6.6 ± 1.2 | 6.5 ± 1.2 | 0.12 |
C-peptide (ng/mL) * | 2.3 ± 1.4 | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 198.2 ± 47.0 | 209.1 ± 39.5 | 213.4 ± 40.0 | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) * | 177.6 ± 118.2 | 139.7 ± 75.2 | 106.3 ± 56.8 | < 0.001 |
Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.5 ± 1.7 | 5.3 ± 1.5 | 5.0 ± 1.4 | < 0.001 |
Creatinine clearance (mL/min) | 107.1 ± 48.3 | 106.9 ± 42.6 | 105.8 ± 40.0 | 0.83 |
Retinopathy (%) | 20.9 | 20.9 | 21.9 | 0.87 |
Nephropathy (%) | 22.7 | 22.0 | 21.4 | 0.84 |
Neuropathy (%) | 9.6 | 9.3 | 8.5 | 0.78 |
Coronary artery diseases (%) | 21.3 | 20.0 | 16.5 | 0.06 |
Peripheral vascular diseases (%) | 18.1 | 17.0 | 16.1 | 0.59 |
Metabolic syndrome (%) | 64.1 | 45.6 | 33.5 | < 0.001 |