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Table 1 Summary of studies meeting inclusion criteria

From: A systematic review of metabolomic dysregulation in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (CFS/ME/SEID)

Author

Year

Country

Study design

CFS/ME/SEID diagnostic criteria

Metabolite

Sample size

Sample

Targeted/untargeted

Analysis method

CFS/ME/SEID

HC

Germain et al.

2020 [21]

USA

Case control

Fukuda

Plasma

Untargeted

Metabolon mass spectrometry

26 F

26F

Germain et al.

2018 [22]

USA

Case control

Fukuda

Plasma

Untargeted

Metabolon mass spectrometry

32 F

19 F

Nagy-Szakal et al.

2018 [29]

USA

Case control

Fukuda

CCC

Plasma

Targeted and untargeted

Gas chromatography time-of-flight and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

26

49

Germain et al.

2017 [23]

USA

Case control

Fukuda

Plasma

Untargeted

Q-exactive mass spectrometry

17 F

15 F

Yamano et al.

2016 [24]

Japan

Case control

Fukuda

Plasma

Untargeted

Capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry

41 F

5 M

41 F

6 M

Fluge et al.

2016 [25]

Norway

Case control

CCC

Serum

Targeted

Gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

162 F

38 M

67 F

35 M

Naviaux et al.

2016 [30]

USA

Case control

Fukuda

CCC

IOM

Plasma

Targeted

Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

23 F

22 M

21 F

18 M

Armstrong et al.

2015 [26]

Australia

Case control

CCC

Serum

Urine

Untargeted

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry

34 F

25 F

Armstrong et al.

2012 [18]

Australia

Case control

CCC

Serum

Untargeted

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry

6 F

5 M

5 F

5 M

Jones et al.

2005 [27]

United Kingdom

Case control

Fukuda

Oxford

Plasma

Urine

Targeted

Reversed phase chromatography

19 F

11 M

19 F

11 M

McGregor et al.

1996 [28]

Australia

Case control

Fukuda

Oxford

Urine

Untargeted

Capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

16 F

4 M

32 F

13 M

  1. F female, M male