Group | Community | Primary care | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of articles included (%) | 30 (67) | 15 (33) | 45 (100) | |||
Number of studies includeda(%) | 30 (65) | 16 (35) | 46 (100) | |||
Prospective | 25 (54) | 16 (35) | 41 (89) | |||
Retrospective | 4 (9) | 1 (2) | 5 (11) | |||
Number of prevalence datab (%) | 33 (59) | 23 (41) | 56 (100) | |||
Total number of participants | 540,901 | 545,075 | 1085,976 | |||
Mean N. of participants | 18,030 ± 38,094 | 34,067 ± 61,325 | 23,608 ± 48,092 | |||
Total number of known sexc | 120,765 | 10,077 | 130,842 | |||
 Male | 58,752 | 3318 | 62,070 | |||
 Female | 62,013 | 6759 | 68,772 | |||
 M:F ratio | 48:52 | 25:75 | 45:55 | |||
Mean age of participantsd | 41.1 ± 11.3 | 38.0 ± 6.5 | 40.0 ± 9.9 | |||
 Male | 41.1 ± 11.3 | 38.0 ± 6.8 | 39.9 ± 10.0 | |||
 Female | 41.2 ± 11.4 | 38.1 ± 6.1 | 40.0 ± 9.8 | |||
N. of (studies)/prevalence data by subgroup (N. of participants) | ||||||
 Publication year | ||||||
  1990–2000 | 8 | (177,201) | 15 | (318,391) | (18)/23 | (495,592) |
  2001–2010 | 19 | (86,512) | 4 | (9895) | (20)/23 | (96,407) |
  2011–2018 | 6 | (277,188) | 4 | (216,789) | (8)/10 | (493,977) |
 Population group | ||||||
  General population (≥ 18 years) | 24 | (489,961) | 20 | (466,565) | (34)/44 | (956,526) |
  Children/adolescents (< 18 years) | 6 | (43,671) | 1 | (73,636) | (7)/7 | (117,307) |
  Specific populatione | 3 | (7269) | 2 | (4874) | (5)/5 | (12,143) |
 Case definition (8 case definitions) | 23 | (339,192) | 11 | (298,739) | 34 | (637,931) |
  CDC-1994 [22] | 4 | (20,037) | 4 | (27,454) | 8 | (47,491) |
  Holmes [23] | 2 | (116,520) | 2 | (2980) | 4 | (119,500) |
  Australian [25] | 2 | (3215) | 2 | (2980) | 4 | (6195) |
  Oxford [24] | 1 | (10,396) | 3 | (505,299) | 4 | (515,695) |
1 | (59,101) | 1 | (1874) | 2 | (60,975) | |
 Country (13 countries) |  |  | ||||
  Western | 27 | (516,617) | 17 | (473,009) | (34)/44 | (989,626) |
  Asian | 5 | (23,197) | 5 | (70,192) | (10)/10 | (93,389) |
  Othersh | 1 | (1087) | 1 | (1874) | (2)/2 | (2961) |
 Diagnostic method |  |  | ||||
  Interview (medical test −) | 19 | (111,943) | 3 | (68,848) | (19)/22 | (180,791) |
  Interview (medical test +) | 9 | (57,339) | 14 | (17,445) | (18)/23 | (74,784) |
  Physician diagnosis | 1 | (114,000) | 5 | (435,782) | (4)/6 | (549,782) |
  Medical records | 4 | (257,619) | 1 | (23,000) | (5)/5 | (280,619) |