Fig. 4
Effect of oral Ty21a immunization on terminal ileum multifunctional and single cytokine-expressing S. Typhi-specific CD4+CD103+ and CD4+CD103− TRM cell subsets. Net S. Typhi-specific CD4+ TRM subsets responses elicited by S. Typhi-infected autologous targets were calculated using the FCOM function of Winlist and stratified into multifunctional cells (MF) and single-positive cells (S). Comparison of TI LPMC CD4+CD103+ and CD4+CD103− TRMS. Typhi-specific a INFγ+; b IL-17A+; c IL-2+, and d TNFα+ MF and S in Ty21a-vaccinated (n = 18; red symbols) and unvaccinated volunteers (n = 18; black symbols). Significant differences are shown (*p < 0.05). Black lines: differences between Ty21a vaccinated and unvaccinated volunteers. Green lines: differences between CD4+CD103+ and CD4+CD103− TRM responses. Trends are represented by their p-values. Horizontal bars (black and red) represent median values