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Fig. 2 | Journal of Translational Medicine

Fig. 2

From: Oral typhoid vaccine Ty21a elicits antigen-specific resident memory CD4+ T cells in the human terminal ileum lamina propria and epithelial compartments

Fig. 2

Effect of oral Ty21a-immunization on ex-vivo terminal ileum LPMC CD4+CD103+ and CD4+CD103− TRM. Ex-vivo unstimulated CD4+CD103+ and CD4+CD103− TRM were cultured overnight and their levels of spontaneous cytokine (IFNγ, IL-17A, IL-2 and TNFα) production determined by flow cytometry. Using the FCOM function of Winlist, CD4+CD103+ and CD8+CD103− TRM responses were stratified into single-positive cells (S) and multifunctional cells (MF). Comparison of TI LPMC CD4+ CD103+ and CD4+ CD103− TRM responses in a INFγ+; b IL-17A+; c IL-2+, and d TNFα+ S and MF in Ty21a-vaccinated (n = 18; red symbols) and unvaccinated volunteers (n = 18; black symbols) with significant differences shown (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.005; ***p < 0.0005). Black lines: differences between Ty21a vaccinated and unvaccinated volunteers. Green lines: differences between CD4+CD103+ and CD4+CD103− TRM cell responses. Trends are represented by their p-values. Horizontal bars (black and red) represent median values

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