Fig. 2

Schematic representation of tissue-engineered skin. Wound resident cells could be obtained from patient wounds. The common wound resident cells include keratinocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, adipose cells, nerve cells, etc. On the one hand, these cells can then be directly reprogrammed into epidermal cells in vitro. On the other hand, wound resident cells can also be genetically edited. The gene that can promote wound healing is introduced into cells to increase the secretion of cell bioactive factors. Finally, these specially treated cells can then be incorporated into a biomaterial scaffold and implanted back to the patient at the damaged tissue site