Angiocrine endothelium: from physiology to cancer

Table 1 Angiocrine factors involved in tumorigenicity

Angiocrine factors	Function	Tumor specificity	References
BMP2 and BMP4	Control of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation	Brain tumor	[52]
bFGF, endothelin 1 IL-6, IL-8, TGFβ PDGFβ	Tumor progression	Prostate cancer	[210]
BDNF and PEDF	CSC expansion	Brain tumor	[48, 58]
EGF	CSC expansion	Head and neck cancer	[34]
FasL	Immune tolerance	Ovarian, breast, colon renal, prostate, bladder cancers	[193]
FGF2	Resistance to Bevacizumab in ECs	Ovarian cancer	[150]
Jagged1	Increasing stem cell population Improving tumor growth, stemness and invasiveness Invasiveness and chemoresistance	Colorectal cancer Breast cancer B cell lymphoma	[211] [136] [35]
LAMA4	Generation of vascular niche basement membrane	All types of tumors	[212, 213]
NO	Regulation of leukemic cell growth	Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)	[154]
POSTN and TGFβ1	Tumor dormancy	Breast cancer	[144]
CCL2, CCL3, CCL4 CCL5, CXCR9 CXCR10	Tumor immune tolerance	All types of tumors	[190, 214, 215]
VEGF-A and VEGF-C	Improving tumor cell survival	Leukemia	[32, 153]
ICAM1, VCAM Selectin	T cell infiltration into tumors	All types of tumors	[187, 188]
Tim-3	Tumor immune invasion	Lymphoma	[192]

ANGPT2 angiopoietin 2, BDNF brain-derived nerve growth factor, bFGF basic fibroblast growth factor, BMP bone morphogenetic protein, CCL chemokine (c–c motif) ligand (CCL2 also known as MCP1; CCL5 also known as RANTES), CXCR chemokine (c-x-c motif) receptor (CXCR9 also known as MIG), CSF colony stimulating factor, EDN1 endothelin 1, EGF epidermal growth factor, FasL Fas ligand, FGF2 fibroblast growth factor 2, ICAM1 intracellular adhesion molecule 1, IL interleukin, LAMA4 laminin α4, NO nitric oxide, PDGFβ platelet-derived growth factor-β, PEDF pigmented epithelial growth factor, POSTN periostin (also known as OSF2), PGF placental growth factor, SDF1 stromal cell-derived factor 1 (also known as CXCL2); selectin, also known as CD62, Tim-3 mucin domain-containing molecule 3, TGFβ transforming growth factor-β, VCAM vascular cell adhesion molecule, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor

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