Table 2 10 metabolic biomarkers of rhythmic disorder in control and model groups
No. | Name | Formula | Retention time | [M + H]+ | [M − H]- | p-value (m/z) | VIP | Max (min) peak area/time (control) | Max (min) peak area/time (model) | Metabolic pathway | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ornithine | C5H12N2O2 | 0.626 | 133.0971 | – | 1.98E−06 | 1.684 | 1,548,032,838 | 9:00–11:00 | 2,009,357,548 | 21:00–23:00 | Urea cycle, arginine and proline metabolism |
2 | Glutamine | C5H9NO4 | 0.768 | 148.0604 | – | 4.91E−07 | 1.580 | 215,800,083.4 | 9:00–11:00 | 313,690,052.1 | 13:00–15:00 | Urea cycle |
3 | Indoleacetic acid | C10H9NO2 | 5.837 | 176.0706 | – | 1.95E−10 | 1.778 | 39,250,248.65 | 5:00–7:00 | 139,699,738.5 | 13:00–15:00 | Tryptophan metabolism |
4 | Citrulline | C6H13N3O3 | 0.761 | 176.1029 | – | 1.28E−13 | 1.421 | 39,030,378.97 | 17:00–19:00 | 62,299,687.79 | 5:00–7:00 | Urea cycle, arginine and proline metabolism |
5 | Serotonin | C10H12N2O | 1.331 | 177.1022 | – | 7.58E−14 | 1.616 | 250,880,110.6 | 9:00–11:00 | 436,645,654.4 | 11:00–13:00 | Tryptophan metabolism |
6 | l-Kynurenine | C10H12N2O3 | 1.728 | 209.0920 | – | 1.91E−08 | 1.740 | 68,395,431.46 | 7:00–9:00 | 36,004,712.74 | 11:00–13:00 | Tryptophan metabolism |
7 | d-Proline | C5H9NO2 | 0.782 | 116.0706 | – | 0.002 | 1.262 | 847,981,624 | 17:00–19:00 | 964,359,024.5 | 21:00–23:00 | Arginine and proline metabolism |
8 | 2-Oxoglutaric acid | C5H6O5 | 0.796 | – | 145.0142 | 1.66E−06 | 1.439 | 70,400,138.95 | 17:00–19:00 | 242,316,284.8 | 19:00–21:00 | Urea cycle, arginine and proline metabolism, tryptophan metabolism |
9 | Creatine | C4H9N3O2 | 0.746 | 132.0767 | – | 5.88E−09 | 1.519 | 21,817,421,950 | 9:00–11:00 | 27,898,769,673 | 21:00–23:00 | Arginine and proline metabolism |
10 | 5-Hydroxytryptophan | C11H12N2O3 | 3.14 | 221.0920 | – | 1.76E−12 | 1.419 | 43,687,663.24 | 19:00–21:00 | 32,068,942.09 | 15:00–17:00 | Tryptophan metabolism |