Fig. 1

Alteration of IL-19, -20 and -24, IL-20RB, α-SMA and FN in the duodenal mucosa of children with CD. The mRNA expression of IL19 (a), IL20 (b) and IL24 (c) of the duodenal mucosa of children with CD (n = 16) and controls (n = 14) was determined by real-time RT-PCR in comparison with RPLP0 as internal control. Relative protein amounts (and representative immunoblots) of IL-24 (d, g), FN (e, g) and α-SMA (f, g) of the duodenal mucosa of children with CD (n = 13) and controls (n = 11) were investigated by Western blot analysis in comparison with GAPDH as internal control (g). Results are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05 vs. control (Mann–Whitney U-test). Presence of IL-20RB (red) in FHs74Int cells and pdMFs (h) and the localisation of IL-24 (green) and IL-20RB (red) in the duodenal mucosa of children with CD and controls (i) was determined by immunofluorescence staining. Cell nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). Magnified regions are highlighted by white squares. Scale bar: 100 µm and 50 µm