Fig. 2
From: Is there a causal link between PTEN deficient tumors and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment?
Immunosuppressive characteristics of PTEN mutant tumors. PTEN-deficient tumors are infiltrated by MDSCs [27] and Tregs [29]. JAK/STAT pathway is activated [23], IDO1 protein [29], PD-1 receptors [22] and inhibitory cytokines [23, 25, 27] are upregulated. CD4+, CD8+ and NK cells exhibited reduced infiltration [23, 25]. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes have reduced lysing activities depending on the granzyme and perforin depletion [25, 26]