Fig. 2

Massive decrease in phospholipid concentrations governs changes in plasma lipids in CAP. a Analysis based on the 111 lipid analytes and 47 metabolic indicators. Data from COPD samples are displayed in the left column and CAP data in the right column. The lipid analytes are arranged in descending order according to ratio of median concentrations CAP d1/Controls (“fold change”). A major drop in membrane phospholipid concentrations is evident in CAP. b COPD only, same data as used in A, but showing differential expression in COPD, arranged in descending order according to fold change COPD vs Controls. c Analysis based on the 47 metabolic indicators. The indicators are ranked vertically according to descending ratio of median values in CAP d1/Controls (C). d COPD only, same data as used in C, but showing differential expression in COPD, arranged in descending order according to fold change COPD vs Controls. Differential expression (fold change) is expressed on a linear scale by the color scheme in the legend shown in a. Lipid classes are identified by the font colors identified in the legend. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (Mann–Whitney U test). ^Δp < 0.05, ^ΔΔp < 0.01, ^ΔΔΔp < 0.001 (FDR-corrected). Metabolite: AC, acylcarnitines; lysoPC, lysophosphatidylcholines; PC, phosphatidylcholines; SM, sphingomyelins. A comprehensive lipid nomenclature is detailed in “Methods, materials and participants”