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Table 2 Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical variables classified according to ISUP GG patient classification
| ISUP GG classification | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Low risk (group I and II) | High risk (group III, IV and V) | p-value | |
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
| Anthropometric parameters | |||
| Age (years) | 62.82 ± 6.8 | 64.55 ± 5.82 | 0.320 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.23 ± 4.05 | 27.94 ± 3.54 | 0.665 |
| Prostatic volume (cc) | 45.71 ± 25.96 | 43.5 ± 19.52 | 0.716 |
| Glycemic profile | |||
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.90 ± 1.23 | 6.65 ± 2.35 | 0.050 |
| Insulin (pmol/L) | 95.42 ± 60.84 | 89.73 ± 48.41 | 0.847 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.75 ± 2.92 | 3.92 ± 2.76 | 0.795 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.77 ± 0.67 | 6.01 ± 0.86 | 0.152 |
| Lipid profile | |||
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.02 ± 1.06 | 4.93 ± 1.01 | 0.609 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.49 ± 0.71 | 1.35 ± 0.39 | 0.484 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.23 ± 1.29 | 2.84 ± 0.88 | 0.148 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.40 ± 0.74 | 1.63 ± 0.99 | 0.526 |
| Hepatic profile | |||
| AST (µkat/L) | 0.38 ± 0.19 | 0.32 ± 0.07 | 0.104 |
| ALT (µkat/L) | 0.40 ± 0.21 | 0.36 ± 0.11 | 0.816 |
| GGT (µkat/L) | 0.72 ± 0.88 | 0.68 ± 0.50 | 0.783 |
| Renal profile | |||
| Uric acid (µmol/L) | 373.57 ± 88.63 | 463.39 ± 559.75 | 0.595 |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 13.99 ± 3.34 | 14.44 ± 5.40 | 0.922 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 83.98 ± 1.77 | 77.79 ± 2.19 | 0.187 |
| Hormonal profile | |||
| SHBG (nmol/L) | 46.64 ± 50.65 | 38.93 ± 16.71 | 0.756 |
| Testosterone (nmol/L) | 14.22 ± 4.62 | 12.88 ± 5.80 | 0.158 |
| Tumoral markers | |||
| Total PSA (μg/L) | 7.64 ± 4.42 | 13.14 ± 11.47 | 0.003 |
| Biofluid biomarker profile | |||
| Semen cytokines (pg/mg of total protein) | |||
| sTWEAK | 989.07 ± 624.08 | 550.54 ± 380.25 | 0.003 |
| sCD163 | 1449.03 ± 2060.7 | 1392.09 ± 1265.89 | 0.391 |
| sFn14 | 645.31 ± 434.45 | 609.99 ± 413.28 | 0.781 |
| sCXCL5 | 360.23 ± 376.07 | 212.72 ± 240.72 | 0.179 |
| sCCL7 | 3.09 ± 3.34 | 3 ± 2.69 | 0.767 |
| Serum cytokines (pg/mL) | |||
| sTWEAK | 1118.74 ± 344.32 | 1331.08 ± 830.51 | 0.225 |
| sCD163 | 346.68 ± 286.15 | 349.46 ± 276.29 | 0.976 |
| sCXCL5 | 1234.89 ± 630.15 | 1346.42 ± 703.23 | 0.439 |
| sCCL7 | 2.6 ± 17.62 | 23.49 ± 107.42 | 0.508 |
| Urine cytokines (pg/mg of creatinine) | |||
| sTWEAK | 199.62 ± 257.43 | 128.24 ± 151.58 | 0.723 |
| sCD163 | 166.07 ± 804.1 | 1173.09 ± 3368.52 | 0.401 |
| sFn14 | 182.5 ± 287.53 | 159.69 ± 236.24 | 0.479 |
| sCXCL5 | 132.97 ± 142.43 | 161.98 ± 165.27 | 0.423 |
| Semen cell sediment gene expression (arbitrary units, 2−∆∆Ct) | |||
| KLK2 | 1.12 ± 0.41 | 0.82 ± 0.45 | 0.050 |
| KLK3 | 1.16 ± 0.75 | 1.02 ± 0.74 | 0.529 |
| CXCR2 | 2.68 ± 3.6 | 4.03 ± 3.7 | 0.089 |
| CCR3 | 2.53 ± 3.23 | 6.31 ± 8.1 | 0.069 |
| CD163 | 6.37 ± 6.57 | 5.68 ± 5.54 | 0.796 |
| Fn14 | 4.15 ± 2.82 | 8.52 ± 7.69 | 0.077 |
