Fig. 2

Effect of rifaximin treatment on monocytes populations in peripheral blood. Percentage of the three subsets of monocytes over total monocyte cells: a Classical (CD14⁺⁺CD16⁻), b intermediate (CD14⁺⁺CD16⁺) and c non-classical (CD14⁺CD16⁺⁺). Values are the mean ± SEM. CTL, controls; NMHE, patients without MHE; MHE, patients with MHE; 3, 6: patients with MHE after 3 and 6 months of rifaximin treatment. Values significantly different from controls are indicated by *. Values significantly different in patients with MHE compared to NMHE are indicated by α. Values significantly different after vs. before treatment are indicated by β (*/α/β p < 0.05; **/αα/ββ p < 0.01; ***/ααα/βββ p < 0.001)