Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics (n = 78)

Age

Mean (± SD) in years

47.1 (± 21.8)

20 to 30 years (young)

37 (47.4%)

52 to 64 years (middle-aged)

18 (23.1%)

> 64 (elderly)

23 (29.5%)

Education

 No formal education

24 (30.7%)

 Primary

43 (55.1)

 Middle/high

8 (10.2%)

 Higher secondary

5 (6.4%)

Nutritional status

 Thinness

19 (24.4%)

 Normal

36 (46.2%)

 Overweight

20 (25.6%)

 Obesity

3 (3.8%)

Fasting habits

 Fast only in Ramadan

68 (69.2%)

 Also fast other than Ramadan

24 (30.7%)

Monthly incomes

 Mean (± SD) in USD

340.8 (± 212.8)

 > 500 USD/month

21 (26.9%)

 200–500 USD/month

45 (57.7%)

 < 200 USD/month

12 (15.4%)

Others

 Diabetes

6 (7.6%)

 Marital status—married

67 (85.9%)

 Smokers

32 (41.0%)

 Snuff use

28 (35.9%)

 Alcohol use

0 (0.0%)