Table 1 Baseline characteristics of HVs and patients with DM
From: The circulating exosomal microRNAs related to albuminuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy
Variables | Group | Total (N = 74) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HVs (N = 18) | DM without nephropathy (N = 33) | DM with nephropathy (N = 23) | |||
Age (years) | 38.6 ± 8.0 | 49.2 ± 14.0 | 47.6 ± 14.7 | 45.9 ± 13.7 | 0.03 |
Sex (male, %) | 5 (27.8) | 18 (54.5) | 13 (56.5) | 36 (48.6) | 0.124 |
HTN (n, %) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (48.5) | 13 (56.5) | 28 (37.8) | 0.001 |
CVD (n, %) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (6.1) | 4 (17.4) | 6 (8.1) | 0.135 |
Smoking (%) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (42.4) | 12 (52.2) | 27 (36.5) | 0.007 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.7 ± 1.4 | 29.8 ± 6.7 | 29.7 ± 7.6 | 27.7 ± 7.1 | <0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 106.1 ± 8.5 | 126.4 ± 11.5 | 134.4 ± 16.7 | 124.0 ± 16.5 | <0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 72.2 ± 8.1 | 77.4 ± 8.1 | 83.1 ± 11.5 | 78.1 ± 10.0 | 0.002 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 11.6 ± 2.5 | 15.0 ± 4.0 | 17.5 ± 10.0 | 15.0 ± 6.6 | 0.016 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.347 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 107.1 ± 10.9 | 100.7 ± 22.0 | 97.2 ± 29.0 | 101.5 ± 22.6 | 0.384 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.7 ± 1.0 | 13.8 ± 1.9 | 14.1 ± 2.2 | 13.9 ± 1.8 | 0.743 |
Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 97.0 ± 8.5 | 244.3 ± 219.5 | 219.5 ± 107.2 | 211.3 ± 133.1 | < 0.001 |
Total protein (g/dL) | 7.4 ± 0.3 | 7.1 ± 0.6 | 7.3 ± 0.6 | 7.3 ± 0.6 | 0.204 |
Serum albumin (g/dL) | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 4.4 ± 0.3 | 4.5 ± 0.4 | 4.5 ± 0.3 | 0.003 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 183.9 ± 24.2 | 177.2 ± 45.2 | 180.1 ± 49.2 | 179.9 ± 41.7 | 0.883 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 112.8 ± 23.0 | 112.9 ± 43.8 | 110.6 ± 44.1 | 112.4 ± 38.9 | 0.969 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 65.3 ± 14.6 | 44.9 ± 13.7 | 43.9 ± 13.4 | 49.4 ± 16.3 | < 0.001 |
TG (mg/dL) | 105.4 ± 82.9 | 203.0 ± 113.8 | 234.3 ± 215.7 | 188.5 ± 150.2 | 0.018 |
HbA1c (%) | – | 9.9 ± 2.3 | 9.9 ± 2.3 | 10.0 ± 2.4 | 0.76 |
Albuminuria (mg/day)a | 2.7 (1.7–4.2) | 7.6 (4.4–10.1) | 102.6 (36.3–408.1) | 8.1 (3.5–28.9) | < 0.001 |