Fig. 5

Kaplan–Meier survival curves, decision curve analyses, and clinical impact curves of overall survival for patients. Kaplan–Meier survival curves representing the overall survival of patients with lymph node metastasis (a) and liver metastasis (b) in the entire SEER cohort. The decision curves of the nomograms for predicting lymph node metastasis (c) and liver metastasis (d) in the training set were plotted. Clinical impact curves of the nomogram to predict lymph node metastasis in the training set (e) and the testing set (f) are shown. The y-axis represents the net benefit. The x-axis shows the threshold probability. The horizontal solid black line represents the hypothesis that no patients experienced lymph node metastasis or liver metastasis, and the solid gray line represents the hypothesis that all patients met the endpoint (c, d). At different threshold probabilities within a given population, the number of high-risk patients and the number of high-risk patients with the outcome were plotted (e, f)