Fig. 3
Macrophage-related gene signature identification from the differential network using LASSO regression. a tenfold cross-validation for tuning the parameter selection in the LASSO regression. The solid vertical lines represent the partial likelihood deviance with standard error. The dotted vertical lines denote the optimal values of the tuning parameter (λ) by minimum criteria, i.e., λ = 0.06226413 with ln(λ) = − 2.77637. b LASSO coefficient profiles of the 29 genes in the differential network. Each curve corresponds to evolution of the coefficient of each gene with respect to the ln(λ) during the LASSO regression. The dotted vertical lines denote the selected variables under the optimal tuning parameter. c The 12 genes selected by LASSO regression. The table lists each gene’s symbol, description, cell type (i.e., macrophages (MФ) or tumor cells (TCs)) in the differential network, coefficient in the COX PH model and corresponding hazard ratio (HR)