Fig. 4

SOX9 promotes EMT by enhancing β-catenin nuclear translocation and TCF1/LEF1 transcriptional activity, and thereby activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in NSCLC cell lines. a GSEA correlating SOX9 levels with Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes on publicly available NSCLC patient gene expression profiles (NCBI/GEO/GSE42127, http://software.broadinstitute.org/gsea/msigdb/index.jsp). b Real-time PCR analysis of metastasis-associated gene in the indicated cells, *p < 0.05. c Dual luciferase reporter assay showing TCF1/LEF1 transcriptional activity. Reporter activity was normalized to that of Renilla luciferase activity, ***p < 0.0001. d Western blot of β-catenin in the nuclear fractions of the indicated cells. e Immunofluorescence representative of subcellular β-catenin localization in the indicated cells. f Western blot of the GSK3β and GSK3β pSer9 in the indicated cells. β-Tubulin was used as a loading control