Fig. 2
From: Mesenchymal stem cell therapy targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in acute kidney injury
The mechanism by which MSC therapy targets mitochondrial dysfunction in AKI. MSCs are able to accelerate mitochondrial recovery, minimize mitochondrial injury and transfer healthy mitochondria to injured cells. These actions result in decreased levels of MDA, ROS and Cyt C, accompanied by reduced mitochondrial fission and enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, finally inducing improved mitochondrial function and a reduction in cell apoptosis. MSCs mesenchymal stem cells, PGC-1α peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, SIRT3 sirtuin 3, DRP1 dynamin related protein 1, TNTs tunneling nanotubes, MDA malondialdehyde, ROS reactive oxygen species, Cyt C cytochrome C, ATP adenosine triphosphate