Fig. 1
From: Mesenchymal stem cell therapy targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in acute kidney injury
Mitochondrial dysfunction during AKI. During AKI, the mitochondria tend towards fission rather than fusion. Together with the suppression of mitophagy, fragmented mitochondria are observed in the cytoplasm. Downregulation of PGC-1α inhibits the biogenesis of mitochondria. Mitochondrial swelling is regarded as a consequence of MPT, which may subsequently release Cyt C and ROS. Dysoxia is also very common, inducing a reduced generation of ATP and cell apoptosis. PGC-1α peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, MPT mitochondrial permeability transition, ATP adenosine triphosphate, Cyt C cytochrome C, ROS reactive oxygen species