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Table 3 Baseline clinical characteristics of enrolled CKD patients

From: Compound α-keto acid tablet supplementation alleviates chronic kidney disease progression via inhibition of the NF-kB and MAPK pathways

Renal function

CKD (3 to 5 stages)

CKD (4 and 5 stages)

CKD (3 stage)

No-KA (n = 175)

KA (n = 148)

p value*

No-KA (n = 52)

KA (n = 70)

p value*

No-KA (n = 123)

KA (n = 78)

p value*

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

Baseline

38.7 ± 14.1

30.7 ± 13.1

0.000

20.7 ± 6.2

19.1 ± 6.8

0.187

46.4 ± 8.4

41.1 ± 7.4

0.000

End-point

43.3 ± 20.7

31.4 ± 17.5

0.000

21.8 ± 11.5

19.4 ± 13.0

0.295

52.4 ± 16.5

42.1 ± 13.5

0.000

Scr (μmol/L)

Baseline

187.0 ± 98.1

226.4 ± 107.7

0.001

296.7 ± 116.2

305.5 ± 108.4

0.669

140.6 ± 28.2

155.3 ± 28.4

0.000

End-point

186.3 ± 116.2

246.1 ± 136.8

0.000

298.1 ± 130.2

337.6 ± 140.2

0.115

139.0 ± 67.8

163.9 ± 60.1

0.009

BUN (mmol/L)

Baseline

10.2 ± 5.2

11.9 ± 5.6

0.008

15.4 ± 6.2

15.6 ± 5.6

0.854

8.0 ± 2.5

8.5 ± 2.7

0.233

End-point

10.1 ± 5.4

13.8 ± 8.0

0.000

14.7 ± 5.8

19.0 ± 8.3

0.002

8.1 ± 3.7

9.2 ± 3.9

0.053

UA (μmol/L)

Baseline

412.7 ± 113.4

425.3 ± 100.1

0.293

437.6 ± 114.9

422.2 ± 112.6

0.462

402.1 ± 111.5

428.1 ± 88.0

0.068

End-point

383.8 ± 89.1

373.8 ± 83.8

0.307

399.8 ± 105.0

357.3 ± 94.2

0.023

377.0 ± 81.0

388.9 ± 70.3

0.289

\( HCO_{3}^{ - } \) (mmol/L)

Baseline

22.5 ± 3.3

22.3 ± 3.1

0.546

20.7 ± 3.0

21.0 ± 2.9

0.493

23.2 ± 3.1

23.4 ± 2.8

0.762

End-point

24.1 ± 2.7

22.9 ± 2.7

0.000

22.8 ± 2.5

21.8 ± 2.2

0.018

24.6 ± 2.6

23.9 ± 2.6

0.054

  1. Italic values indicate significance of p value (p < 0.05)
  2. * Presented as comparison of the No-KA group with the KA group (t-test)