Fig. 3

HUVECs incubation with BMSCs induced angiogenic factor expression and activated the TGFβ/Smad2/3 signalling pathway. a Western blot assay to determine the expression of HUVEC-derived TSP4, VEGF, Ang-1, MMP9, MMP2 and p-cdc42/Rac1 after incubation with BMSCs for the three groups (HUVEC, BMSC + HUVEC and TSP4-BMSC + HUVEC). b Representative western blot results of TSP4, VEGF, Ang-1, MMP9, MMP2 and p-cdc42/Rac1 and quantitative analysis at 48 h after co-incubation. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05. c Representative western blot results for p-Smad2/3 and TGFβ in HUVECs incubated with BMSCs in the four groups (HUVEC, BMSC + HUVEC, TSP4-BMSC + HUVEC and TSP4-BMSC + HUVEC + SIS3); d quantitative analysis is presented. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05