From: Dermal tissue remodeling and non-osmotic sodium storage in kidney patients
Variables | Healthy individuals donors (N = 12) | Renal patients recipients (N = 12) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
All | Preemptive | Dialysis | ||
(N = 12) | (N = 7) | (N = 5) | ||
Age (years) | 61 [53–67] | 52 [43–60]* | 51 [48–64] | 53 [41–60] |
Sex (% male) | 33 | 58 | 57 | 60 |
Length (cm) | 166 [161–178] | 176 [170–183] | 176 [170–182] | 175 [168–184] |
Weight (kg) | 81 [73–91] | 77 [70–87] | 73 [70–82] | 84 [73–94] |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29 [25–31] | 24 [22–28] | 24 [22–25]* | 26 [23–32] |
Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
 Systolic | 138 [129–150] | 150 [131–158] | 151 [122–165] | 149 [136–152] |
 Diastolic | 80 [72–85] | 87 [71–95] | 88 [69–98] | 86 [63–89] |
Time on dialysis, months | – | – | – | 13 [8–18] |
Dialysis (%) | ||||
 Hemodialysis | – | – | – | 80 |
 First peritoneal, switched to hemodialysis | – | – | – | 20 |
Underlying disease (%) | ||||
 Healthy donor | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 IgA Nephropathy | 0 | 17 | 14 | 20 |
 Focal Segmental | 0 | 17 | 14 | 20 |
Glomerulo-sclerosis | ||||
 ADPKD | 0 | 33 | 29 | 40 |
 Glomerulonephritis | 0 | 25 | 29 | 20 |
 Other | 0 | 8 | 14 | 0 |
Known comorbidities (%) | ||||
 Hypertension | 8 | 67 | 58 | 80 |
 Malignancy | 8 | 8 | 14 | 0 |
 Coronary heart disease | 8 | 17 | 14 | 20 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 0 | 8 | 0 | 20 |
 Other | 8 | 17 | 14 | 40 |
 No relevant comorbidities | 67 | 17 | 29 | 0 |
Drug use (%) | ||||
 Anti-hypertensives | 42 | 67 | 86 | 40 |
 Diuretics | 0 | 42* | 43* | 40* |
 Anti-diabetics | 0 | 8 | 0 | 20 |
Dermal sodium content (µmol/mg protein) | 0.68 [0.45–0.94] (n = 8) | 0.89 [0.59–1.01] (n = 11) | 0.98 [0.59–1.12] (n = 7) | 0.83 [0.45–0.89] (n = 4) |
Laboratory characteristics (day of OR) | ||||
 eGFR (mL/min) | 91 [81–95] | 11 [8–14] *** | 11 [10–14]*** | 8 [6-X]** (n = 3) |
 Serum creatinine (umol/L) | 68 [63–84] | 514 [447–646]*** | 462 [442–516]*** | 619 [399–1065]** |
 Serum albumin (mmol/L) | 44 [43–46] | 43 [41–46] | 43 [42–50] | 42 [40–45] |
 Plasma sodium (mmol/L) | 141 (140–143] | 43 [41–46] | 139 [138–142] | 137 [137–140]** |
 Urine creatinine (mmol/L) | 6.5 [4.2–11.9] | 6.4 [3.8–8.9] | 5.4 [3.2–8.2] | 8.6 [6.4–13.1] |
 Proteinuria (g/L) | 0.04 [0.03–0.06] | 1.92 [0.26–2.35]** | 0.39 [0.26–6.60]** | 2.09 [0.54–2.33]** |
 Urine sodium (mmol/L) | 85 [60–119] | 62 [41–68]* | 62 [56–68] | 44 [22–77] |
 Sodium excretion (mmol/24 h) | 128 [20–192] | 107 [40–140] | 116 [54–166] | 107 [17–X] (n = 3) |