Characteristic | Healthy control n = 7 | ICU control n = 7 | Community-acquired severe sepsis n = 71 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 28-Day survivors | 28-Day non-survivors | p | |||
n = 71 | n = 53 (74.6%) | n = 18 (25.4%) | ||||
Age (years) | 57.32 ± 23.27 | 69.00 ± 19.87 | 71.72 ± 15.54 | 71.85 ± 17.21 | 71.72 ± 10.23 | ns |
 < 60, n (%) | 2 | 2 | 15 | 12 | 3 |  |
 61–70, n (%) | 1 | 1 | 9 | 5 | 4 |  |
 71–80, n (%) | 2 | 2 | 23 | 15 | 8 |  |
 81–90, n (%) | 2 | 2 | 23 | 22 | 3 |  |
Gender (male/female) | 4/3 | 4/3 | 45/26 | 36/17 | 9/9 | ns |
Admission sources (n, %) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ns |
 Emergency | – | 1 (14.3) | 56 (78.9) | 40 (75.5) | 16 (88.9) |  |
 Internal dept. | – | 2 (28.6) | 6 (8.5) | 6 (11.3) | 0 |  |
 Surgical dept. | – | 4 (57.1) | 9 (12.7) | 7 (13.2) | 2 (11.1) |  |
Presumed infection site (n, %) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ns |
 Lung | – | – | 50 (70.4) | 36 (67.92) | 14 (77.7) |  |
 Abdomen | – | – | 11 (15.5) | 8 (15.09) | 3 (16.7) |  |
 Cardiovascular system | – | – | 3 (4.2) | 3 (5.66) | 0 |  |
 Bone or soft tissue | – | – | 1 (1.4) | 1 (1.89) | 0 |  |
 Urinary tract | – | – | 6 (8.5) | 5 (9.43) | 1 (5.6) |  |
Aetiologya | ||||||
 Bacteria | – | – | 32 (45.1) | 21 (39.6) | 11 (61.1) | ns |
 Virus | – | – | 5 (7.0) | 3 (5.7) | 2 (11.1) | ns |
 Others or undetected | – | – | 34 (47.9) | 29 (54.7) | 5 (27.8) | ns |
Comorbidities (n, %) | ||||||
 Hypertension | 0 | 3 (42.9) | 38 (53.5) | 28 (52.8) | 10 (55.6) | ns |
 Diabetes | 0 | 3 (42.9) | 20 (28.2) | 13 (24.5) | 7 (38.9) | ns |
 Chronic cardiac dysfunction | 0 | 2 (28.6) | 27 (38.0) | 20 (37.7) | 7 (38.9) | ns |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 0 | 0 | 28 (39.4) | 22 (41.5) | 6 (33.3) | ns |
 Chronic renal dysfunction 0 | 0 | 0 | 5(7.0) | 4(7.5) | 1(5.6) | ns |
Smoker | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ns |
 Never | 6 (85.7) | 6 (85.7) | 47 (66.2) | 33 (62.3) | 14 (77.8) |  |
 Previous (stopped > 3 months) | 0 (0) | 1 (14.3) | 14 (19.7) | 11 (20.8) | 3 (16.7) |  |
 Former (stopped ≤ 3 months) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  |
 Current | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0) | 10 (14.1) | 9 (16.9) | 1 (5.6) |  |
Alcohol use | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | ns |
 Never or daily intake ≤ 50 g of pure alcohol | 7 (100) | 6 (85.7) | 64 (90.1) | 46 (86.8) | 18 (100) |  |
 Previous (daily intake > 50 g of pure alcohol, stopped > 3 months) | 0 (0) | 1 (14.3) | 3 (4.2) | 3 (5.7) | 0 (0) |  |
 Former (daily intake > 50 g of pure alcohol, stopped ≤ 3 months) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  |
 Current intake (> 50 g of pure alcohol) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (5.6) | 4 (7.5) | 0 (0) |  |
Severity scores | ||||||
 APACHE II | – | 19.51 ± 5.31 | 20.55 ± 5.95# | 19.51 ± 5.31 | 23.38 ± 6.19 | 0.04 |
 SOFA D0 | – | 6.00 ± 2.39 | 9.91 ± 3.11# | 9.70 ± 3.21 | 10.44 ± 2.93 | ns |
 D3 | – | – | 8.11 ± 3.66 | 7.43 ± 3.35 | 9.5 ± 4.01 | 0.04 |
 D7 | – | – | 7.02 ± 3.29 | 6.24 ± 3.01 | 9.13 ± 3.31 | 0.01 |
Inflammatory and immune indicators | ||||||
 D0 (upon enrollment) | ||||||
  WBC (/μl) | 6.31 [5.23, 7.54] | 13.89 [8.57,16.22] | 13.66 [8.89, 20.14] | 13.66 [8.59, 18.92] | 14.61 [8.89, 22.23] | ns |
  ALC (/μl) | 2.74 [1.99, 2.86] | 1.07 [0.96, 2.22] | 0.59 [0.52, 0.90]# | 0.59 [0.51, 0.99] | 0.52 [0.51, 0.66] | ns |
  hs-CRP (mg/l) | – | 6 [0.81, 119] | 94.60 [44, 136]# | 96.50 [65.85, 146.50] | 85.20 [33.88, 126.30] | ns |
  PCT (μg/l) | – | 0.09 [0.05, 2.05] | 1.18 [0.34, 12.82]# | 0.98 [0.30,17.79] | 1.27 [0.47, 1.93] | ns |
  Treg (%) | 1.77 [1.11, 2.56] | 1.52 [1.07, 1.77] | 2.14 [1.44, 3.91] | 2.14 [1.49, 3.54] | 1.69 [0.39, 5.40] | ns |
 D3 | ||||||
 WBC (/μl) | – | – | 9.78 [7.35, 15.29] | 9.47 [7.17, 9.47] | 14.07 [7.68, 19.59] | 0.03 |
  ALC (/μl) | – | – | 0.93 [0.55, 1.30] | 0.99 [0.59, 1.42] | 0.76 [0.55, 0.83] | 0.02 |
  hs-CRP (mg/l) | – | – | 63.5 [36.6, 107] | 65.8 [41.5, 110] | 45 [24, 105.9] | ns |
  PCT (μg/l) | – | – | 0.87 [0.27, 2.53] | 0.90 [0.26, 3.53] | 0.53 [0.26, 2.15] | ns |
  Treg (%) | – | – | 1.94 [1.39, 2.86] | 1.97 [1.41, 2.87] | 1.47 [0.35, 2.55] | 0.05 |
 D7 | ||||||
  WBC (/μl) | – | – | 8.21 [6.08, 12.02] | 7.98 [5.90, 9.06] | 13.36 [6.30, 15.90] | 0.02 |
  ALC (/μl) | – | – | 0.97 [0.66, 1.28] | 0.99 [0.78, 1.29] | 0.62 [0.47, 1.11] | 0.02 |
  hs-CRP (mg/l) | – | – | 43.0 [14.75, 78.8] | 46.85 [15.98, 81.4] | 32.6 [13.45, 58.28] | ns |
  PCT (μg/l) | – | – | 0.28 [0.20, 0.58] | 0.21 [0.20, 0.46] | 0.69 [0.22, 1.37] | ns |
  Treg (%) | – | – | 1.38 [1.11, 2.17] | 1.37 [1.11, 1.89] | 2.17 [0.60, 3.91] | ns |